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陈 桦 huachennju@gmail

语言学研究方法研修班 · 常州. 漫谈英语教学二、三事 （ 之二 ）. 陈 桦 huachennju@gmail.com. Examples. I went to Changzhou on Thursday to give a lecture. I went to Changzhou on Thursday || to give a lecture I went to Changzhou || on Thursday || to give a lecture. Examples.

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陈 桦 huachennju@gmail

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  1. 语言学研究方法研修班· 常州 漫谈英语教学二、三事 （之二） 陈 桦 huachennju@gmail.com

  2. Examples I went to Changzhou on Thursday to give a lecture. I went to Changzhou on Thursday || to give a lecture I went to Changzhou || on Thursday || to give a lecture

  3. Examples I sent some flowers to my sister who lives in Guilin I sent some flowers to my sister || who lives in Guilin

  4. Examples Mary left her mother to make a cup of coffee Mary left her mother||to make a cup of coffee

  5. Examples I didn’t come because he told me. I didn’t come || because he told me

  6. Examples Fred didn’t talk with me honestly Fred didn’t talk with me||honestly

  7. Examples

  8. Examples Panda – eats shoots & leaves Helen Beer, 2005

  9. Examples 这位姑娘乌黑头发没有麻子嘴不大端正 这位姑娘乌黑//头发没有//麻子//嘴不大端正 这位姑娘//乌黑头发//没有麻子//嘴不大//端正 ------吴洁敏 2001 《汉语节律学》

  10. Examples 5 加 4 乘 以 6 减 3 5 加 4 //乘 以 // 6 减 3 = 27 (5+4) *(6-3)=27 5 加 // 4 乘 以 // 6 减 3 = 17 5+(4*(6-3))=17 5 加 4 //乘 以 6 // 减 3 = 51 ((5+4)*6)-3=51 5 加 4 乘 以 6 //减 3 = 26 (5+4*6)-3=26 ------查尔斯·C.弗里斯《英语结构》

  11. Examples I didn’t say it was green. • I didn’t say it was GREEN. • I didn’t say it WAS green. • I didn’t SAY it was green. • I DIDN’T say it was green.

  12. Examples Part of speechnouns, verbs, adjectives, adverbs, negation, numbers, demonstratives, interrogatives, auxiliaries contracted with “not”, reflexive pronouns prepositions, articles, conjunctions, personal pronouns, auxiliaries, there be, infinitive particles,Information statusnew informationgiven information

  13. Examples Put it on the TABLE Put it ON the table

  14. Examples '我知道你会这样做的。（别人不知道） 我'知道你会这样做的。（你别以为我不知道） 我知道'你会这样做的。（别人不会这样做） 我知道你'会这样做的。（你怎么说自己不会呢？） 我知道你会'这样做的。（不会那样做） 我知道你会这样'做的。 （不仅仅是说说而已）

  15. Examples n. + n. → 1st n. adj. + n. → n.

  16. Examples Englishteacher English teacher

  17. Examples 鸭头 丫头 蛇头 舌头 利害 厉害 地道 地道 '谁叫你来的？ 谁叫你来的。 （重读表特指疑问） （轻声任指表陈述） 你'怎么吃大蒜？ '你怎么吃大蒜? （重读问行为方式） （弱读问原因）

  18. Examples

  19. Examples rising tone (HR, LR, FR): open non-assertive, continuative falling tone (HF, LF, RF): closed assertive, non-continuative ------ A. Cruttenden, 1997

  20. Examples

  21. Examples 明天六点起床？ 明天六点起床。 由于受到声调的影响，汉语疑问升调不是通过调型的上扬 实现，而是通过音位的抬高而实现。

  22. Examples A: I hope you won’t mind my asking, but I’d like to know if you enjoyed your working on the fishing boat. B: Hardly, it was very tiring and boring. A: Oh? Why was that? B: Actually, it was not a fishing boat. It was a huge ship with a fish-processing factory on it. A: Really? B: Yes. All I did was cutting fish into pieces. And I had to do it from morning till night for the whole summer. luyin

  23. Significance Segmental? Suprasegmental? 语言作为人类社会最重要和最方便的交际工具，只有其自然口头形态能够充分体现，因为它具有书面形态多半不具备的韵律结构信息。（曹建芬，2010）

  24. Phonetics

  25. Key Concepts Phonetics linguistics physiology/acoustics/psychology computer science statistics … … interdisciplinary

  26. Methodology design Data collection Corpus recording transcription Annotation segmental/prosodic linguistic dataextraction Phonetic features statistical analysis

  27. Methodology http://www.praat.org

  28. Methodology • Vowels: • high or low of the speaker’s tongue; • front or back of the speaker’s tongue; • (3) rounded or not of the speaker’s lips. • Formant: F1 & F2 • high/low of the tongue front/back of the tongue

  29. Methodology Vowels: /a:/

  30. Methodology /i:/ & /a:/ tongue ↓ F1 ↑

  31. Methodology /i/ /e/ & /a/ tongue↓ F1↑ front→back F2↓

  32. Methodology Consonants: Place of articulation Manner of articulation

  33. Methodology

  34. Methodology Corpus: 36 hours → speech corpus ------ (Hunston, 2004)

  35. Methodology ESCCL 北方方言 吴方言 湘方言 赣方言 客家话 粤方言 闽方言 晋语 平话 徽方言 初中 高中 英专本科 英专硕士

  36. Methodology

  37. Comment 中国二语习得研究走向成熟（马楠，2008） 会议涉及到的主要议题包括双语研究、多语研究、儿童二语习得、语音学/音位学、词汇学、形态学、句法学、口头语篇、书面语篇、语用学、研究方法、课堂认知、社会文化视角的二语习得、社会语言学视角的二语习得、普遍语法、测试和计算机辅助语言学习等。 中国二语习得专业委员会成立，表明中国二语习得研究走向成熟。 ？

  38. Comment Although intonation is particular difficult for learners of a second language to master, it is seldom taught systematically. ------ Grice & Bauman, 2007

  39. Problems

  40. Rhythm

  41. Rhythm

  42. Studies YANG Jin (2010): Repetition & Explicit Instruction →nucleus

  43. Studies Chen & Sun (2010) Frequency Effect of Input & Output on L2 learners’ Phonological Acquisition “Practice makes perfect.” vs. “Practice makes permanent.”

  44. Studies DAI Lijuan (2009) Phonologic Loop When to start? What to start with? Early literacy has a negative effect on native-like pronunciation.

  45. Teaching Any more efficient ways? Classroom activities Drama performing? Movie dubbing? Computer-assisted learning? … …

  46. Rules? L2 learners need not learn formal analysis of intonation. Far from it. ? When?

  47. Teaching Which norm? Speaking vs. Listening

  48. Thank you!

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