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外篇
OPENING DISTANT JINGWU BRANCHES
[Part Twelve of 精武本紀 The Annals of Jingwu, published Dec, 1919]

[translation by Paul Brennan, Dec, 2019]

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外篇
[PART TWELVE] OPENING DISTANT BRANCHES

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☉前南潯分會紀　邱亮
[1] THE OPENING OF THE NANXUN BRANCH by Qiu Liang

三年前。浙江湖州之南潯。曾有分會。此其當時軍樂隊之攝影也。
Three years ago [1916], a branch was opened in the Nanxun District of Huzhou, Zhejiang. At that time, a photo was taken of its military band.

前南潯分會之軍樂隊　任技擊教員者李健民
Military band of the Nanxun branch (led by martial arts instructor Li Jianmin):

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☉漢口精武體育會紀略　張文德
[2] A BRIEF ACCOUNT OF THE HANKOU JINGWU ATHLETIC ASSOCIATION by Zhang Wende

漢口精武體育會成立於民國七年七月七日發起者為曾君務初勞君用宏而贊助者有錢君琴西唐君朗山劉君子敬王君柏年關君鶴舫歐陽君惠昌李君華堂陳君仙洲周君星堂唐君善磋梁君耀庭梁君泮聲張君碧泉張君履鼇等皆漢上各界巨子也初上海精武會主任陳君公哲盧君煒昌來遊漢皋與曾勞諸公周旋時說及精武會宗旨之純正體育工夫之重要技擊國粹之當保存光大等偉論宏議而諸君子遂有發起之決心嗚呼奇矣漢會之成豈知實胚胎於陳盧兩君之一夕話耶於是曾勞諸公熱心經營努力籌畫繼由金星公司慷慨借地勞君墊款建造操場於金星公司之側邊園地函聘上海精武會教員李君健民來漢擔任教授
The Hankou Jingwu Athletic Association was established on July 7, 1918. It was sponsored by Zeng Wuchu and Lao Yonghong, with the assistance of Qian Qinxi, Tang Langshan, Liu Zijing, Wang Bonian, Guan Hefang, Ouyang Huichang, Li Huatang, Chen Xianzhou, Zhou Xingtang, Tang Shancuo, Liang Yaoting, Liang Pansheng, Zhang Biquan, and Zhang Lü’ao, who are all local businessmen representing many walks of life. Shanghai Jingwu Association directors Chen Gongzhe and Lu Weichang had first visited Hankou [now part of Wuhan, in Hubei] and worked hard to sell these gentlemen the idea of the Jingwu Association, its sincere purpose, the importance of physical education, the value of preserving and promoting our martial arts since they are the essence of our national culture, and so on. They presented their case so impressively that all of these gentlemen decided then and there to sponsor a Hankou branch, a remarkable moment.
　　With the Hankou branch now established, who even remembers that its genesis actually lies in a single evening’s conversation with Chen and Lu? The businessmen then enthusiastically set about planning and managing the construction of it, in particular the Gold Star Corporation generously donating the site and also advancing the money to build the sports ground in the parkland adjacent to their own corporate headquarters. Letters were sent to the Shanghai Jingwu Association inviting instructors. Li Jianmin came to Hankou to assume the office of head instructor.

李健民
Li Jianmin:

會員共有六七十人而漢會乃於七月七日開成立大會焉公推陳君仙洲為主席宣佈精武會發起情形及其旨趣陳君公哲演說體育之關係強國強種與吾國民講求拳術之必要來賓踴躍來會各會員咸為興高采烈可謂一時之盛也卽於是日選舉職員主持會務舉定唐君善磋為正會長曾君務初副之勞君用宏為幹事長林君詠池柯君範士為幹事員梁君泮聲為書記鍾君紫峯為會計唐君瑞卿唐君鼎祥為稽查得人任事責有攸歸今日會務之蒸蒸日上均賴諸君子之力也會長唐君無論風雨霜雪朝必到會其熱心宏毅尤為難能可貴者也教員會員皆能勉黽從事誨人不倦學而不厭庶乎無愧矣會員習技擊者為時無多而進步之速已越常軌能熟鎗刀拳術及對手者為數不少足球隊亦已成立成績頗優此漢會之好現象也今年七月七日為一週期由唐君善磋招集會議改選職員及商榷一切進步事宜旋卽舉定勞君用宏為會長唐君善磋任幹事長盧君吉明鍾君藕軒為庶務林君詠池為會計姜君吉慶為稽查張君文德為書記至會務之新進行則改良會場加增器械以期應用周到減少會員會費及開辦暑假班以期普及無偏如勵志團閱書報室兵式操等行將次第舉辦前途之進步正無艾也惟視各職員會員之力行何如耳嗚呼吾國東方病夫之名蒙羞久矣精武會之發達詎不為強國強種之一線曙光乎有志士夫聞而興起一洗頹風不禁馨香祝之矣
中華民國八年七月九日
With membership already totaling sixty or seventy people, the Hankou branch had its grand opening on July 7. By general recommendation, Chen Xianzhou was made master of ceremonies. He declared this branch of the Jingwu Association to be open, then described the circumstances that brought it into being and its objectives for the future. Chen Gongzhe then gave a speech about how physical education is vital to the work of “strengthening the nation by strengthening the masses” and how martial arts in particular are essential for this task. Guests eagerly joined the Hankou Jingwu Association and the members were all exuberant. It was a magnificent occasion.
　　Then on that same day, members were elected into positions to manage the affairs of the new branch. Tang Shancuo was appointed as president, Zeng Wuchu as vice-president, then Lao Yonghong – head secretary, Lin Yongchi and Ke Fanshi – under-secretaries, Liang Pansheng – secretary, Zhong Zifeng – bookkeeper, Tang Ruiqing and Tang Dingxiang – customs officers. With the right people in the right positions, responsibilities have been placed in the right hands. The affairs of the branch will flourish now that we can rely on the strengths of all of these gentlemen. President Tang makes it a point to be there every single day, regardless of wind or rain, frost or snow. His enthusiasm and determination is especially laudable.
　　Teachers and students alike have been able to whole-heartedly throw themselves into the activities, [from Lun Yu, 7.2:] “insatiably learning, tirelessly teaching”, something of which they deserve to be proud. Members who have been practicing martial arts, even when they have not been able to commit a great amount of their time to the training, have nevertheless been making unusually rapid progress, many of whom have proven themselves to have remarkable ability at learning the weapon sets, boxing sets, and two-person sets. And the soccer team has already had great success as well. This is the state of the Hankou branch.
　　This year, on July 7, the first anniversary of the Hankou branch, Tang Shancuo convened a meeting to hold a new election for staff positions and discuss all aspects of the branch and how to make improvements. Positions were smoothly decided: Lao Yonghong – president, Tang Shancuo – head secretary, Lu Jiming and Zhong Ouxuan – heads of business affairs, Lin Yongchi – bookkeeper, Jiang Jiqing – customs officer, Zhang Wende – secretary. As for the improvements addressed in the meeting, these changes were suggested: add more weapons to the training hall so that students will have a more thorough range of tools to use, reduce membership fees, and start having special summer classes in hopes of better providing classes for people with all types of schedules, and also that we ought to have an Encouragement Club, a reading room, an army drill unit, and so on, one suggestion after another. It seems there will surely be no end to the future progress of this Jingwu branch.
　　However, even if the staff members carry out their duties with tremendous zeal, will it be enough? We are after all a long way yet from clearing our nation’s shame of being the “sick men of Asia”. Indeed, with the flourishing of the Jingwu Association, there is a real glimmer of hope for strengthening the nation by strengthening the masses. There are men of integrity who have heard the call to action and are rising up to cleanse the people of their indolence. I cannot help but burn some incense to offer this project my best wishes.
　　- July 9, 1919

漢口之精武會
Hankou Jingwu Association:

中華民國七年七月七日漢口精武體育會開成立大會攝影紀念
Commemorative photo for the grand opening of the Hankou Jingwu Athletic Association – July 7, 1918

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七年漢口精武會會員上課圖　教員李健民
Photo of members of the Hankou Jingwu Association during a class in 1918 (instructed by Li Jianmin):

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漢口精武會現在之會員
Current members of the Hankou Jingwu Association:

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☉廣東精武會紀
[3] THE GUANGDONG JINGWU ASSOCIATION

開辦廣東精武會者回滬報告時之攝影　幷演事實幻燈
Photo for the opening of the Guangdong Jingwu Association, taken by a Shanghai reporter during the slide show:

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（一）廣東本會門前　此係最初之會所現已遷寓西關槳欄街寧波會館內
Guangdong Jingwu Athletic Association, photo 1 – front entrance of its first location, after which it moved into the Ningbo Guild Hall on the Jianglan Road, Xiguan District:

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（二）廣東本會演武廳
Guangdong Jingwu Association, photo 2 – its martial arts practice hall [showing “Tantui in Four Parts” (series of photos) on the left wall and “Complete Chart of Twelve-Line Tantui” (series of drawings) on the right wall for the handy reference of beginners]:

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廣東精武會游泳隊
Guangdong Jingwu Association swimming team:

民國八年八月卅一日　廣東精武體育會游泳隊同人撮影
Photo of the members of the Guangdong Jingwu Athletic Association swimming team – Aug 31, 1919

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發起人兼理事　李福林先生　廣惠鎭守使
Sponsor & director – Li Fulin (commander of Guangdong Provincial Garrison):

發起人兼理事　魏邦平先生　廣東警務處長兼省會警察廳長
Sponsor & director – Wei Bangping (head of Guangdong Police Department and Guangzhou Police Department):

發起人兼理事　陳廉伯先生　商團團長廣東匯豐銀行華經理
Sponsor & director – Chen Lianbo (head of Guangdong Commercial Group, director of Guangdong HSBC [Hong Kong and Shanghai Banking Corporation]):

上海本會董事粵東本會發起人兼總幹事　簡經綸先生字琴石　商團副團長省會議員督軍府參議
Shanghai Jingwu director / Guangdong Jingwu sponsor & secretary-general – Jian Jinglun, called Qinshi (deputy head of Guangdong Commercial Group, member of Guangzhou legislature, advisor to provincial military governor):

上海本會董事粵會發起人兼理事　簡照南先生　南洋菸草公司
Shanghai Jingwu director / Guangdong Jingwu sponsor & director – Jian Zhaonan (co-founder [together with Jian Yujie] of Nanyang Brothers Tobacco Company):

發起人代理總幹事兼總務員　羅嘯璈先生　七十二行商報總主任
Sponsor & deputy secretary-general – Luo Xiao’ao (general director of All Businesses Bulletin):

發起人兼總務員　楊達三先生　福軍軍需長
Sponsor & general-affairs secretary – Yang Dasan (quartermaster for Li Fulin’s army):

發起人兼總務員　陳恭受先生　廣東警務處祕書兼市政公所總稽核
Sponsor & general-affairs secretary – Chen Gongshou (secretary for the Guangdong Police Department and auditor for the Municipal Administration & Public Works Office):

發起人兼總務員　何劍吳先生　南武中學校長
Sponsor & general-affairs secretary – He Jianwu (principal of Nanwu [old name for Guangzhou] Secondary School):

發起人兼總務員　熊長卿先生
Sponsor & general-affairs secretary – Xiong Changqing:

發起人兼總務員　金曾澄先生字湘帆　高等師範校長兼廣東教育會長
Sponsor & general-affairs secretary – Jin Cengcheng, called Xiangfan (principal of Guangdong Advanced Normal School and president of Guangdong Educational Association):

上海本會派駐廣東本會技擊主任　沈季修先生
Director of martial arts program, sent from Shanghai Jingwu Association to Guangdong branch – Shen Jixiu:

發起人兼會計員　黃礪海先生　鴻彰疋頭莊司理
Sponsor & bookkeeper – Huang Lihai (manager of Hongzhang Goods):

編述主任　秋蟬　民意報記者
Director of speeches – Qiu Chan [“Autumn Cicada”] (reporter for People’s Will Newspaper):

文牘　許逈凡
Correspondence secretary – Xu Jiongfan:

出納主任　屈湘萍　順安銀號
Paymaster – Qu Xiangping (banker at Smooth & Stable Bank):

會計員　杜琯英　民興銀號
Bookkeeper – Du Guanying (banker at People’s Prosperity Bank):

醫務幹事　黃漢榮　福軍軍醫
Secretary in charge of medical issues – Huang Hanrong (medical officer for Li Fulin’s army):

會醫　何焯　廣東公醫學校畢業
Physician – He Chao (graduate of Guangdong Public Medical School):

總務員　郭仙洲　珠寶業
General-affairs secretary – Guo Xianzhou (jeweler):

庶務員　陳兆均　萬友蓆莊
General-affairs secretary – Chen Zhaojun (owner of Ten-Thousand Friends Banquet Supply Store):

庶務員　黃俊新　正昌古玩店
General-affairs secretary – Huang Junxin (owner of Genuine Prosperity Antique Shop):

庶務員　姚杰　廣鴻盛司理
General-affairs secretary – Yao Jie (manager of the Guanghongsheng Company):

庶務員　劉少蘇
Business-affairs secretary – Liu Shaosu:

庶務員　盧定安
Business-affairs secretary – Lu Ding’an:

調查員　蕭漢明　厚興銀號
Examiner – Xiao Hanming (banker at Rising Prosperity Bank):

調查員　黃煥庭
Examiner – Huang Huanting:

調查員　林蔭堂　信豐棧司理
Examiner – Lin Yintang (manager of True Abundance Warehouse):

調查員　謝沃生　廣泰來號司理
Examiner – Xie Wosheng (manager of Guangdong Thailand Imports Firm):

調查員　陳鳳孫
Examiner – Chen Fengsun:

技擊副主任　楊琛倫
Vice-director of martial arts studies – Yang Chenlun:

技擊教員　趙連城
Martial arts instructor – Zhao Liancheng:

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☉開辦廣東精武體育會實紀　起草者　盧煒昌　陳鐵生
A FULL ACCOUNT OF THE OPENING OF THE GUANGDONG JINGWU ATHLETIC ASSOCIATION by Lu Weichang & Chen Tiesheng

民國七年冬廣惠鎭守使李福林君特倩馬伯麟君來申托本會代聘技擊教習二員因李使素嫻擊技夙以提倡自任者也本會迺令本會教員葉鳳岐會員楊琛倫偕馬君返粵詳述本會宗旨李使深表同情亟令楊會員回申面商本會囑卽遣派本會辦事人到粵倡辦廣東精武體育會本會總幹事陳公哲姚蟾伯技擊主任盧煒昌等集議遂令本會書記陳鐵生先行回粵籌辦粵會八年春三月十二日鐵生乃偕會員楊琛倫教員李占風李蓮村由新寧船南下到粵時李使謂技擊當持普及主義不當以福林個人名字發起遂柬邀商界之簡琴石簡照南陳廉伯譚禮庭黃礪海學界之教育會會長高等師範學校長金曾澄軍界之楊達三警界之警察處長魏邦平祕書陳恭受諸君子詳述倡辦粵會宗旨簡琴石君本為上漢精武會會董遂力以此事自任並謂琴石旣為上海精武會董事今體李鎭軍盛意琴石實在責無旁貸云在座諸君亦大表贊成各願分任其勞而廣東精武會之基礎於焉大定矣大旨旣定而各界知名人亦莫不贊同遂定海幢寺為籌備處三月二十五日粵東天聲日報載有新聞一則受錄於下以誌輿論之趨向
In the winter of 1918, the Guangdong provincial garrison commander Li Fulin specially asked Ma Bolin to go to Shanghai and engage two representative Jingwu instructors. Because Li is skilled in martial arts and has been personally promoting these arts for a long time, the Shanghai Jingwu Association sent instructor Ye Fengqi and member Yang Chenlun to accompany Ma back to Guangdong and explain the purpose of the Jingwu Association in detail. Li was deeply impressed and soonafter sent Yang back to Shanghai to urge them in person to send people from the Shanghai Association to Guangdong to set up a Guangdong Jingwu Athletic Association. Secretaries-in-charge Chen Gongzhe and Yao Chanbo, together with martial arts director Lu Weichang, gathered to exchange views and then sent secretary Chen Tiesheng ahead of others to make preparations for a Guangdong location.
　　On Mar 12, 1919, Chen Tiesheng, accompanied by member Yang Chenlun and instructors Li Zhanfeng and Li Liancun, went south by boat. When they arrived in Guangdong, Li Fulin told them: “Martial arts ought to hold to the doctrine of universality, not be associated with my name.” Therefore he sent letters of invitation to those in business circles (Jian Qinshi, Jian Zhaonan, Chen Lianbo, Tan Liting, and Huang Lihai), academic circles (Jin Cengcheng, president of the Educational Association and principal of the Advanced Normal School), military circles (Yang Dasan), and police circles (Wei Bangping, head of the police department, and secretary Chen Gongshou), to explain to them all in detail the reasons why there should be a Guangdong Jingwu Association.
　　Jian Qinshi, being himself a director of the Shanghai Jingwu Association, then took charge of the discussion, saying: “As a director of the Shanghai Association, I now fully realize the depth of Commander Li’s generosity. I feel duty-bound to say that with the approval of everyone present having been given, and everyone volunteering to undertake a share of the work involved, the groundwork of the Guangdong Jingwu Association has hereby been laid.” Once the main ideas had been established and these notable people from various circles had all given their endorsement, it was then decided to make use of the Hoi Tong Temple as a space for a preparatory office. On Mar 25, the Heaven’s Voice Daily News of Guangdong published an article which established the trend of public opinion:

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▲錄三月二十五日天聲日報
Article in Heaven’s Voice Daily News, Mar 25:
▲倡設精武體育會
“Promoting the Establishing of a New Jingwu Athletic Association”

廣惠鎭守使李福林近日提倡技擊不遺餘力昨為此事特在其河南新第召請各名流宴會研究進行辦法在座者為魏邦平陳廉伯簡照南簡琴石金曾澄陳恭受譚禮庭黃礪海楊達三等均以技擊為至寶之國粹靡特關係個人一生精神推類至盡實足發揚國威故宜一致提倡卽席幷擬假借西瓜園商團射擊場為開辦地點現此事經得該團允許上海精武體育會派有技擊大家五人來粵李使等決意共促進行將來命名則定名為廣東精武體育會各事現已積極營謀不久卽可開辦云
Guangdong provincial garrison commander Li Fulin has recently been doing his utmost to promote martial arts. Yesterday he held a special banquet at a new restaurant in Henan Island [now the Haizhu District], to which he invited distinguished people to discuss this matter and methods of progressing. Among those present were Wei Bangping, Chen Lianbo, Jian Zhaonan, Jian Qinshi, Jin Cengcheng, Chen Gongshou, Tan Liting, Huang Lihai, and Yang Dasan, all of whom consider martial arts to be the most priceless treasure of our culture. Since these arts have the effect of boosting a person’s spirit, it follows that they will help fulfill the task of developing our national prestige, and therefore we should unanimously promote them.
　　Over the course of the banquet, it was suggested that they make use of the Watermelon Park Business Group’s archery range as a site for the new branch, provided of course the Business Group gives its permission. The Shanghai Jingwu Athletic Association has sent five martial arts masters to Guangdong. Li is determined to get everyone working together to make this happen, especially now that a name has been settled on: it will be called the “Guangdong Jingwu Athletic Association”. If the various necessary tasks are energetically attended to, it will not be long before it opens.

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鐵生見基礎已定遂電告上海本會而陳公哲姚蟾伯盧煒昌黃漢佳遂翻袂回粵瀕行時副會長聶雲臺董事袁恆之霍守華黃季植王維藩等曁會員鄭灼辰等全體祖餞並勉以毋負前驅之職責云
Note by Chen Tiesheng: With this groundwork being laid, I telegrammed to the Shanghai Jingwu Association for Chen Gongzhe, Yao Chanbo, Lu Weichang, and Huang Hanjia to return to Guangdong. Before they left, vice president Nie Yuntai and directors Yuan Hengzhi, Huo Shouhua, Huang Jizhi, and Wang Weifan, as well as member Zheng Zhuochen all gave them a farewell dinner to encourage them not to fail in their pioneering task.

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▲錄上海民國日報（三月二十三日）
Article in Republican Daily News, Shanghai (Mar 23 [25]):
▲技擊普及全粵之先聲　▲盧陳諸君赴粵組織精武分會
“First Signs that Martial Arts Will be Spread Throughout Guangdong: Lu Weichang and Chen Gongzhe Go to Guangdong to Organize a Jingwu Branch”

倍開爾路精武體育會昨日（二十四號）下午二時開會歡送職員盧煒昌陳公哲姚蟾伯沈季修黃漢佳五君出發赴粵組織精武分會由副會長聶雲台君述開會詞暢言技擊之有益身心繼由董事袁恆之君曁會員等致詞歡送略謂盧君等此次赴粵擔負極重吾等今日歡送尤當刮目以觀其成績冀體育早臻發達之境旋由盧煒昌陳公哲答詞謂此次赴粵乃一種應盡之職務務使有益身心之技擊得以普及全粵藉以淬厲一般靑年俾為他日擔當艱鉅之準備云末由各會員合奏各種音樂並茶會而散聞盧君等定明日（卽二十六號）趁新寧輪船首途
At the Jingwu Athletic Association, on Baikai Road, a farewell party was held yesterday (the 24th) at 2pm for Lu Weichang, Chen Gongzhe, Yao Chanbo, Shen Jixiu, and Huang Hanjia, who are going off to Guangdong to organize a new Jingwu branch. Jingwu Association vice-president Nie Yuntai gave a speech about how martial arts benefit body and mind, then director Yuan Hengzhi and members gave speeches of farewell, in which this was said: “You go to Guangdong to bear this great responsibility. Today we see you off, but tomorrow we will have to dry our eyes in order to see your achievements. We look forward to physical education flourishing because of you.”
　　Then Lu Weichang and Chen Gongzhe each gave a thank-you speech, in which this was said: “We now head off to do our very best to ensure that martial arts for the benefit of body and mind will spread throughout the whole of Guangdong. We do this in order to bring challenging training to ordinary young people, thereby preparing them to undertake any difficult tasks that may lie ahead.” To conclude the evening, various members together played various kinds of music while tea was served, and then everyone dispersed. Lu and company will set off on their journey tomorrow (the 26th) by steamship.

上海精武全體歡送陳公哲姚蟾伯盧煒昌黃漢佳沈季修赴粵開辦廣東精武會之圖
Photo of the farewell party for the visitors from the Shanghai Jingwu Association, who came to open the Guangdong Jingwu Association, showing [seated at the rear table, from right to left] Chen Gongzhe, Yao Chanbo, Lu Weichang, Huang Hanjia, Shen Jixiu:

公哲等承會衆歡送後於三月二十八日十時趁廣利輪船赴粵沿途幸無風浪於三十一日上午十一時抵香港卽上岸徧訪體育界同志是晚趁廣東輪船往省城翌晨六時半到寄寓大東酒店行裝甫卸駐省舊會員卓仁機來卽同往河南海幢寺精武籌備處晤教員葉鳳岐李占風李蓮村書記陳鐵生精武會發起人李福林君楊達三君簡琴石君商榷進行辦法僉謂地點難得擬暫借西瓜園商團公所為辦事處翌日報界記載如下
Following the farewell party, Chen Gongzhe and the rest left by steamship on Mar 28, 10am. There were fortunately no stormy seas on the way, and they arrived in Hong Kong on Mar 31, 11am. As soon as they got ashore, they visited many comrades in physical education circles, and then that evening, they continued by steamship upriver to Guangzhou. The next morning at 6:30am, they obtained lodging at the Great East Hotel, where old Jingwu Association member Zhuo Renji had also arrived.
　　Then they all went together to the Jingwu preparatory office at Hoi Tong Temple, Henan Island, where they met with instructors Ye Fengqi, Li Zhanfeng, and Li Liancun, secretary Chen Tiesheng, and Jingwu Association sponsors Li Fulin, Yang Dasan, and Jian Qinshi. They discussed ways of moving forward, but all agreed that finding a site would be difficult. They suggested borrowing the use of the public affairs office of the Watermelon Park Business Group as a temporary Jingwu office. The next day, the press recorded the process of events in the following articles.

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▲籌設精武體育會（天聲日報）
“A Plan to Establish a Jingwu Athletic Association” (Heaven’s Voice Daily News)

技擊一藝實為吾國專長但絕學鮮傳因之日就萎靡大好國粹漸卽淪泯旅滬粵人陳君公哲慨焉惜之因聯合同志發起精武體育會以期發揮而光大之使成為一種優美之科學以嘉惠後學粵中如李鎭守使魏廳長及陳廉伯簡照南簡琴石金曾澄諸君皆甚韙其議擬亦在粵發起以資聯絡而廣提倡頃上海精武體育會特派陳君公哲盧君煒昌來粵接洽面謁李鎭守使魏廳長商議進行辦法聞已假得商團公所為辦事地點刻日聯同靑年會一致創辦務進技擊術為專科使將來全國學校皆列為一種學科以為世界之先導而保國粹於不墜云
Martial arts are truly our nation’s specialty, but they are a form of endangered knowledge, too rarely getting passed down, diminishing further by the day, and our superb cultural essence is gradually vanishing. However, Chen Gongzhe, a Cantonese man living in Shanghai, cherishes them passionately. That is why he has brought together comrades to start a new Jingwu Athletic Association in order to carry these arts forward, turning them into an exquisite field of learning to benefit the next generation of students. There are like-minded people in Guangdong, such as there are Li Fulin, commander of the Guangdong Provincial Garrison, and Wei Bangping, head of the Guangdong Police Department, as well as Chen Lianbo, Jian Zhaonan, Jian Qinshi, and Jin Cengcheng. They are all very forthright in their opinions, wanting to sponsor an organization in Guangdong to widely promote these arts.
　　Therefore the Shanghai Jingwu Athletic Association has specially sent Chen Gongzhe and Lu Weichang to Guangdong to arrange things. They called on Li Fulin and Wei Bangping to discuss methods of moving forward, and have now borrowed the use of the Business Group’s public affairs office as a temporary location for managing affairs. They are of the same mind as the YMCA, trying to establish martial arts training as a specialized subject and get all the schools in the nation to offer it as a standard course of study. This would thereby preserve the work of previous generations and keep our cultural essence from slipping away.

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連日簡琴石君李福林君召請各界要人聚宴訂定開成立會手續由簡琴石君假定長堤海珠戲院為會場定四月九日開會印成臨時簡章如下
Day after day, Jian Qinshi and Li Fulin sent out invitations to important people in various circles for a banquet celebrating the founding of the new branch. Jian Qinshi had arranged the use of the Sea Pearls Theater on Changdi Road as the meeting place and set the date for Apr 9. Further details about the event were published in the articles included below:

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▲各報紀事如左
Various Newspaper Articles Chronicling the Progress of Events:

▲廣東精武體育會敍言（七十二行商報）
“An Introduction to the Guangdong Jingwu Athletic Association” (All Businesses Bulletin)

粵自學風丕變移譯初盛武士道之說始行於一時言者侈為海外之奇珍聞者亦訝為強國之特質庸知先河之闢源於中邦卽技擊一道早已成為專門學術遞演而不絕有如蹴球獵較之旨在講武者或於古難徵而拳棒之術則遍國中人無不能指而辨之曰某家某派羣共推仰其為世稱重而流播普及者如此造詣之精效用之宏殆可想見第以右文偃武之習傳者寖微數百年來漸就沉寂膏粱久闕見粃糠而乍珍談瀛海客轉得拾之自外還詡新特且為之辭曰此外人之所為強其種而振其國也嗚呼武勇之道足以強種振國吾古人固已知之矣固已知之而演為技擊之學術矣歸而求之有餘師焉則曷不卽吾所固有者而發揮光大期於日進無疆為世界宗仰以立強國之礎此精武體育會之所由發起也本會之起俶自申江而吾粵陳君公哲實為首唱故繼而屬和者亦首在粵人五嶺以南故多奇才異能之士知抱殘守缺而可以遞演薪傳者數必不尠則粵會之盛已可豫卜頃者陳君公哲偕盧君煒昌特自滬來期以發揮技擊精神蔚成優美科學為職志同人不敏為發揚國粹佑啓方來以圖強種振國計竊願附驥詩曰嚶其鳴矣求其友聲邦人君子應有同志謹擬為簡章如左
Ever since teaching methods have been greatly changed in Guangdong [transformed by foreign influence], Bushido has been talked of. It gets described ostentatiously as a rarity from overseas, but it is actually just a characteristic of a strong nation. It is common knowledge that the “way of the warrior” began in China, where martial arts long ago became a specialized field of study, passed down ceaselessly, similar to other military training such as sports and hunting. Although methods of boxing and stick training are difficult to verifiably connect to ancient times, everyone in the nation has some ability to distinguish if this-or-that style is worthy of being widely spread in modern times. In this way, the refined achievements and great effectiveness of the old ways of training seem almost visible to us.
　　Unfortunately, the custom of elevating literary studies and putting aside martial training took hold, and thus over the centuries these arts gradually faded away. After going a long time without rich food, even the meagerest scraps suddenly seem gourmet, and so we made use of what we received from overseas, even boasting that it was better, and saying with resignation: “This is how in foreign countries they strengthen the masses to rouse the nation.” Surely our methods of martial boldness ought to be all that is required to strengthen the masses and rouse the nation. The ancient people of our nation already understood this and thus developed martial arts into a science, striving for there to be more than enough competent instructors. Why then should we not develop this field of learning further, progressing without limit until we have earned the respect of the world and stand as a powerful nation? This is why the Jingwu Athletic Association began.
　　The Jingwu Association which started in Shanghai has now come to Guangdong. Chen Gongzhe is just the first to get this process started, but there will soon be others. Being himself a Cantonese man, he is drawing forth many talented men who know the old ways and are capable of passing them down. The success of a Guangdong branch is assured because Chen Gongzhe, accompanied by Lu Weichang, has specially come from Shanghai, his mission to promote the martial spirit and spread these arts as a marvelous field of learning. Fellow enthusiasts may not be quite up to their level, but are ardent about assisting the cause of strengthening the masses to rouse the nation. As a famous poem says [Book of Poetry, poem 165]: “The birds call out to seek a response from their friends.” In other words, countrymen should all be comrades. Some of the rules that have been drafted so far for this new branch are shared below:

（定名）本會命名為廣東精武體育會
Name: This Jingwu Association will be known as the Guangdong Jingwu Athletic Association.
（宗旨）本會專以維持國技精神改良國民體魄為主旨槪不敢預聞政治尤不爭門戶短長
Purpose: This purpose of the Jingwu Association is to preserve the spirit of Chinese martial arts and to improve the physique of our people. We will not presume to get involved in political affairs, nor argue about which style is best.
（會員）凡品行端方執業正當得本會會董會員之介紹者皆得為會員年齡無限
Membership: All who have good conduct, proper discipline, and have been recommended by Jingwu Association directors or members, are eligible to obtain membership. (There are no age restrictions.)
（職員）本會設會董若干人以有維持實力者任之設總幹事一員技擊主任一員由會員中素有經驗者推任之另由會中聘用庶務兼會計一員技擊教員若干員辦事細則另定之
Staff: The Jingwu Association will appoint several directors, selecting those with the most stamina for the position, as well as one secretary-general, one martial arts director, appointed from among the most experienced members, and also one person in charge of business and accounting, and several martial arts instructors. Further details of these appointments will be explained later.
（地址）本會擇適中地點籌建會所以資持久現為速成起見暫擬租借長堤嘉屬會館為臨時開辦地點
Location: A suitable site will be chosen on which to construct this Jingwu Association so that it will last for a long time. In order for things to progress faster, it has been decided to rent the Jiashu Guild Hall on Changdi Road as a temporary location.
（經費）本會開辦及建築經費由發起人籌集經常費由會員公共維持其細則另定之
Funds: The construction and opening of this Jingwu Association is being funded from money raised by sponsors. Ordinary expenses are maintained by membership fees, the specifics of which will be explained later.

發起人　李福林　魏邦平　陳廉伯　簡照南　簡琴石　楊梅賓　陳恭受　金曾澄　熊長卿　李明揚　黃礪海　卓仁機　楊達三
Sponsors: Li Fulin, Wei Bangping, Chen Lianbo, Jian Zhaonan, Jian Qinshi, Yang Meibin, Chen Gongshou, Jin Cengcheng, Xiong Changqing, Li Mingyang, Huang Lihai, Zhuo Renji, Yang Dasan
贊成人　李烈鈞　譚學衡　莫榮新　翟汪　林虎
Other assistance from: Li Liejun, Tan Xueheng, Mo Rongxin, Zhai Wang, Lin Hu

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▲精武體育會定期開成立大會（國華報）
“Fixing a Date for Opening of Jingwu Athletic Association” (Chinese National Newspaper)

軍學兩界組織精武體育會一事係由李福林等所發起醞釀已久近因所聘技擊教員已由上海來粵故該會遂卽宣佈成立聞會長一席經推定李福林魏邦平其餘莫督軍翟省長教育會長金曾澄救濟會長陳廉伯礟隊營長卓仁機滇軍團長李明揚曁譚學衡楊梅賓等均為各界之提倡人卽定於明日（星期三）開成立大會於海珠戲院該院是日幷停止演劇一天暫以舞臺為各技擊家演技場所聞蒞場奏技者除該會之教員外幷有福軍統領吳近商界熊長卿六榕寺僧鐵禪及省城四鄕各處著名技擊家二十餘人均到演技諸家宗派將於是日登臺一試其好身手以奪錦標又軍民兩署軍政商學各界是日均派員參加成立大會云
An event for the Jingwu Athletic Association has been organized by people in both military and academic circles, sponsored by Li Fulin. After a long time pondering the issue, he invited martial arts instructors from Shanghai to come to Guangdong. With the announcement that a Jingwu Association would be established here, Li Fulin and Wei Bangping were chosen as president and vice-president of the new branch. Other noteworthy contributors include governors Mo Rongxin and Zhai Wang, Jin Cengcheng, president of the Educational Association, Chen Lianbo, president of the Relief Society, Zhuo Renji, artillery battalion commander, and Li Mingyang, Yunnan regiment commander, as well as Tan Xueheng and Yang Meibin, all of whom are working to promote these arts.
　　A grand event will be held tomorrow (Wednesday) to establish the new branch, held at the Sea Pearls Theater, which is suspending its performances for a day so that the stage is available for martial arts masters to perform their skills. Apart from Jingwu Association instructors, there will also be Fujian Army commander Wu Jin, businessman Xiong Changqing, Abbot Iron Zen from the Temple of the Six Banyan Trees, as well as more than twenty famous martial arts masters from various parts of Guangzhou, to demonstrate the skills of their particular arts. On that day, there will also be a sparring competition upon the stage, in which the best fighters will win a prize, with divisions for both soldiers and civilians. People from all circles – military, government, business, academia – will be sending representatives to participate in this founding celebration.

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▲精武體育會在粵組織分會（七十二行商報）
“Jingwu Athletic Association to Start Branch in Guangdong” (All Businesses Bulletin)

上海精武體育會其宗旨在強種救國開辦已十年成效大著極為中西人士所敬禮現該會主幹陳公哲盧煒昌（粵人）姚蟾伯君（蘇人）偕會員陳鐵生黃漢佳郭唯一君等（粵人）七八人來粵組織廣州分會連日出與各社會接洽社會諸人備極歡迎報界到會同業全體加入列為會員六號晚疊柬邀陳君等到公會演影幻燈凡數百幅詳述該會經過各情形頗極完備茲聞該分會定期明日一點鐘在海珠戲院開成立大會幷擬租借長堤嘉屬會館為暫時辦事處所其主幹人則暫寓大東酒店云
The Shanghai Jingwu Athletic Association opened ten years ago, its purpose being to strengthen the masses in order to rescue the nation. It has had tremendous results, which have earned it the respect of Chinese people and Westerners alike. The pillars of the Jingwu Association – Chen Gongzhe and Lu Weichang (who are both from Guangdong themselves), and Yao Chanbo (of Jiangsu) – accompanied by seven or eight other members, including Chen Tiesheng, Huang Hanjia, and Guo Weiyi (who are each from Guangdong), have recently come to Guangdong to form a branch in Guangzhou. For several days, they have been meeting with representatives of the community, who have all made them extremely welcome. Journalists and businessmen alike have all decided to become members.
　　On the evening of April 6, Chen Gongzhe and his colleagues, responding to great demand, gave their slide-show lecture, involving hundreds of slides and detailed explanations of what the Jingwu Association has been through over the years. A grand celebration for the opening of the new branch will take place tomorrow, starting at 1pm, at the Sea Pearls Theater. While they are here, these Shanghai Jingwu Association representatives have decided to rent the Jiashu Guild Hall on Changdi Road as a temporary space for the branch and are staying at the Great East Hotel.

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▲精武會連日廣告如左
A Long-Running Announcement about the Jingwu Association:
▲廣東精武體育會成立廣告（各報均載）
“Announcing Founding of Guangdong Jingwu Athletic Association” (published in various newspapers)

上海精武體育會成立十年所以保存國粹發揮尚武精神者成効卓著大江南北靡然從風同人等以強種強國道在講武體育之學誠不容闕因延該會教員會員之精研技擊者偕同來粵創立本會荷蒙各界贊許旬日之內立慶觀成現定期本月初九日（卽四月九日）開成立大會幷於下午二時假座海珠戲院開成立大會及技擊表演會歡迎本省技擊大家表演各派技擊使南北派別合一爐而共冶改良體魄普全國以同風國家之強實基於此凡我同志盍興乎來各界惠臨請函大東酒店三十七號索取座券
The Shanghai Jingwu Athletic Association was established ten years ago to preserve our cultural essence and develop our martial spirit, and has had outstanding results both north and south of the Yangzte River. It has started a trend, their colleagues now teaching martial arts in accordance with their philosophy of “strengthen the people to strengthen the nation”. Physical education is truly a study that we cannot do without. Jingwu Association instructors and members, who have all intensively studied martial arts, have come to Guangdong to found a branch location, for which they have received much praise from people of all circles. The founding of it will soon be commemorated with a celebratory event, to be held at the Sea Pearls Theater on April 9 at 2pm.
　　At this gathering, there will be martial arts demonstrations, welcoming local masters to demonstrate their styles so that northern and southern styles can be united, “smelting together in a single oven”, in the cause of improving the physique and spreading the trend to the whole nation. With such an event, the strengthening of the nation has officially begun. How can our comrades not be inspired? To people of all walks of life, your gracious presence is invited. Please write to Great East Hotel, Room 37, to obtain tickets to the event.

發起人　李福林　陳廉伯　簡琴石　楊梅賓　金曾澄　李明揚　卓仁機　魏邦平　簡照南　譚禮庭　陳恭受　熊長卿　黃礪海　楊達三
Sponsors: Li Fulin, Chen Lianbo, Jian Qinshi, Yang Meibin, Jin Cengcheng, Li Mingyang, Zhuo Renji, Wei Bangping, Jian Zhaonan, Tan Liting, Chen Gongshou, Xiong Changqing, Huang Lihai, Yang Dasan
贊成人　譚學衡　李烈鈞　莫榮新　翟汪　林虎
Other assistance from: Tan Xueheng, Li Liejun, Mo Rongxin, Zhai Wang, Lin Hu

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發起人楊達三君黃礪海君熊長卿君簡琴石君分覓會址趕印章程及開會秩序單入場券等奔走極勞至可感也開會日七十二行商報記載極詳幷增印二千份贈分各界記載如下
Sponsors Yang Dasan, Huang Lihai, Xiong Changqing, and Jian Qinshi sought out a site for the new location, drew up a branch constitution, made a program for the grand opening, and sold admission tickets, a heavy workload indeed. The program for the event was recorded in detail in All Businesses Bulletin and two thousand extra copies of that issue were printed to give to people of all circles. The program is included below:

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▲今日精武體育會成立運動秩序表　▲午後二時風雨不更
PROGRAM FOR TODAY’S GRAND OPENING
OF THE NEW JINGWU ATHLETIC ASSOCIATION
(to be held at 2pm, regardless of wind or rain)

秩序
Program:

（甲）開幕
A. Beginning the event
（乙）軍樂
B. Military music
（丙）報告
C. Announcements
（丁）演說
D. Speeches
（戊）行授盾禮
E. Ceremony of presenting the Jingwu Association emblem
（己）第一節教員會員運動
F. First section of performances by Jingwu Association instructors & members
（庚）熊長卿君家族運動
G. Xiong Changqing’s family exercises
（辛）廣惠鎭守使署技擊教員運動　福軍技擊團運動
H. Performances by martial arts instructors arranged by provincial garrison commander Li Fulin, and by his army martial arts team
（壬）來賓運動
I. Guest performances
（癸）小國民運動
J. Performances by small citizens [i.e. children]
（子）第二節教員會員運動
K. Second section of performances by Jingwu Association instructors & members
（丑）軍樂
L. Military music
（寅）閉幕
M. Concluding the event

本會會員教員第一節運動表
First section of performances by Jingwu Association instructors & members:

（一）操工力拳　會員
1. Gongli Boxing: (all members)
（二）伏虎拳　葉鳳岐
2. Taming-Tiger Boxing: Ye Fengqi
（三）太祖拳　陳公哲
3. Taizu Boxing: Chen Gongzhe
（四）太極大刀　楊琛倫
4. Taiji Halberd: Yang Chenlun
（五）太極鞭　薛鞏初
5. Taiji Whip-Rod: Xue Gongchu
（六）對棍　陳公哲　盧煒昌
6. Two-Person Staff: Chen Gongzhe & Lu Weichang
（七）峨嵋槍　陳鐵生
7. Emei Spear: Chen Tiesheng
（八）虎甲拳　連均度
8. Tiger Claw Boxing: Lian Jundu
（九）二郎刀　葉鳳岐
9. Second Son’s Saber: Ye Fengqi
（十）對手八卦刀　陳公哲　姚蟾伯
10. Two-Person Eight-Trigrams Saber: Chen Gongzhe & Yao Chanbo
（十一）春秋大刀　李占風
11. Spring & Autumn Halberd: Li Zhanfeng
（十二）少林拳　余少常
12. Shaolin Boxing: Yu Shaochang
（十三）雙刀　黃漢佳
13. Double Sabers: Huang Hanjia
（十四）工力拳　劉兆銘
14. Gongli Boxing: Liu Zhaoming
（十五）雙刀串槍　盧煒昌　陳公哲
15. Double Sabers Versus Spear: Lu Weichang & Chen Gongzhe
（十六）大戰拳　李蓮村
16. Large-Scale Fight: Li Liancun
（十七）六合刀　沈季修
17. Liuhe Saber: Shen Jixiu
（十八）小紮拳　李占風
18. Tying Boxing: Li Zhanfeng
（十九）虎頭鈎串槍　姚蟾伯　陳公哲
19. Tiger Head Hooks Versus Spear: Yao Chanbo & Chen Gongzhe
（二十）四六拳　楊琛倫
20. Four-Six Boxing: Yang Chenlun
（二十一）五虎槍　盧煒昌
21. Fifth Tiger’s Spear: Lu Weichang
（二十二）脫戰拳　阮文邨
22. Escaping-Techniques Fight: Ruan Wencun
（二十三）大掃子棍　陳公哲
23. Two-Section Staff: Chen Gongzhe
（二十四）戰槍　葉鳳岐　李蓮村
24. Two-Person Spear: Ye Fengqi & Li Liancun
（二十五）節拳　蕭炳
25. Articulated Boxing: Xiao Bing
（二十六）脫銬　盧煒昌
26. Breaking Manacles: Lu Weichang
（二十七）空手入白刃　陳公哲　姚蟾伯
27. Empty-Hand Versus Saber: Chen Gongzhe & Yao Chanbo

本會會員教員第二節運動表
Second section of performances by Jingwu Association instructors & members:

（一）達摩劍　李蓮村
1. Damo Sword: Li Liancun
（二）刀拐串槍　盧煒昌　姚蟾伯
2. Saber & Cane Versus Spear: Lu Weichang & Yao Chanbo
（三）九節鞭　陳公哲
3. Nine-Section Whip: Chen Gongzhe
（四）雙掃子串槍　李占風　葉鳳岐
4. Two-Section Staff Versus Spear: Li Zhanfeng & Ye Fengqi
（五）虎撲羣羊棍　沈季修
5. Pouncing-Tiger Shepherd’s Staff: Shen Jixiu
（六）醉八仙　楊琛倫
6. Drunken Eight Immortals: Yang Chenlun
（七）開門豹　姚蟾伯　陳公哲
7. Gate-Opening Leopard: Yao Chanbo & Chen Gongzhe
（八）梅花雙舌槍　盧煒昌
8. Plum Blossom Double-Tongued Spear: Lu Weichang
（九）五虎拳　黃漢佳
9. Fifth Tiger’s Boxing: Huang Hanjia
（十）單刀串槍　李占風　李蓮村
10. Single Saber Versus Spear: Li Zhanfeng & Li Liancun
（十一）八卦刀　卓仁機
11. Eight-Trigrams Saber: Zhuo Renji
（十二）子孫丹　姚蟾伯
12. Ancestral Elixir: Yao Chanbo
（十三）合戰　陳公哲　盧煒昌
13. Cooperative Fight: Chen Gongzhe & Lu Weichang
（十四）方天戟　薛鞏初
14. Crescent Moons Halberd: Xue Gongchu
（十五）紥拳　李占風　李蓮村
15. Tying Boxing: Li Zhanfeng & Li Liancun
（十六）盤捶　葉鳳岐　楊琛倫
16. Coiling Boxing: Ye Fengqi & Yang Chenlun
（十七）盤龍棍　姚蟾伯　陳公哲
17. Coiling-Dragon Staff: Yao Chanbo & Chen Gongzhe

附本會小國民運動表
Performances by Jingwu Association children:

（一）潭腿　全體
1. Tantui: (whole group)
（二）節拳　李業榮
2. Articulated Boxing: Li Yerong
（三）雙刀　李業榮
3. Double Sabers: Li Yerong
（四）脫戰　李慶昌
4. Escaping-Techniques Fight: Li Qingchang
（五）劍　李慶昌
5. Sword: Li Qingchang
（六）工力拳　衞廣元
6. Gongli Boxing: Wei Guangyuan
（七）雙頭棍　衞廣元
7. Double-Head Staff: Wei Guangyuan
（八）硬捶　謝棟桂
8. Hard-Hammer Boxing: Xie Donggui
（九）籐牌單刀　謝棟桂
9. Rattan Shield & Single Saber: Xie Donggui

啓事
Announcements:

（一）本會課程悉仿上海辦法分高中初三級畢業會員襟綴三星者為六年高等畢業雙星者為四年中等畢業單星者為兩年初等畢業無星者為初級修業員會旗綴以三星亦本此義會標記悉用盾形乃正當防衞之意也
1. This Jingwu Association’s curriculum copies the method used in Shanghai of dividing it into three levels: beginner, intermediate, advanced. Graduates at each level have stars stitched onto their jackets. Three stars indicates a six-year graduate, two stars indicates a four-year graduate, one star indicates a two-year graduate, and no star indicates a beginning student. Similarly, the Jingwu Association banner has three stars stitched onto it, and the standardized emblem which is in the shape of a shield, representing defense, also contains a three-star pattern.

（二）本會授藝首重潭腿蓋有深意爰以本會從經歷中所得之效驗略舉一二以為介紹蓋潭腿一門手法旣多步武穩固一技有一技之精華一技有一技之實用熟而習之不特後來練習各技迎刃而解且使精神氣力日見增加操練時旣能各個運動卽合百十人為團體亦可以口令指揮繁簡咸宜長幼可習苟能略分暇晷日以半小時為度則其精神體魄已獲無窮利益矣體育一事動關家國願大衆同注意焉
2. The Jingwu Association teaches Tantui first of all, for it has deep meaning and the experience of learning it brings excellent results. Let us briefly introduce a few of its qualities. The art of Tantui has many hand techniques and stable footwork. Each technique is exquisite and practical. Once it has been trained to the point of skill, not only will all of the techniques learned later make sense, it will also cause spirit and strength to increase each day. It can be drilled movement by movement in groups of over a hundred people. Because it can be taught by way of verbal commands, it is suitable for both large groups or small, and it can be practiced by both young and old alike. If you can find time to practice it for a half hour every day, then both mind and body will obtain endless benefit. Physical education is something relevant in both the home and the nation as a whole. We hope that the masses will give it more attention.

▲霍公元甲遺事幷精武體育會之梗槪
A Look at the Deeds of Huo Yuanjia & An Overview of the Jingwu Athletic Association:

霍力士元甲直隸產也其父恩第秉承家學研練一生遂以技名一世至元甲更復益以內功旁參各派盡得技擊之神髓體軟如棉骨堅似鐵雖豹不甚偉而臂力雄邁性復爾雅温文無拔劍張弩態驟觀之若無能者鮮有知其為兼擅內外家之雄也前淸宣統元年應其友之招束裝南下擬與歐洲大力士奧皮音一較高下冀有以湔滌老大帝國病夫之恥抵滬時樹幟於張氏味蒓園聲言專收各國大力士其廣告云雖有銅皮鐵骨無所惴焉至今思之猶令人眉飛色舞距躍不能已奧皮音此時未知霍君絕技儼若有氣吞六合力雄一世之槪然驟睹霍君強項之狀不禁惴惴於中觀其立約條件中有戒勿指戳足鈎拳擊之語卽知其氣餒於中而力怯於外也嗚呼以老大帝國病夫而挫折大力士若此亦足以目空一切並為同胞吐氣矣果也碧眼健兒卒有所畏約成而遽他去遂令霍君躑躅高臺觀者望眼為穿以未覩絕技為憾時霍君見此現象卽在檯上舞拳擦掌藉顯家傳幷請座中之好身手者每人登檯擊彼三拳以表內功之効用顧人各有能有不能誰肯不自量力效仲氏子之暴虎馮河耶越數日有東海趙君登檯請教霍君以不傷同胞為主旨辭不與較趙君激刺之霍君迫於勢與角敗之後趙君知力不敵又延其友張君作報復之舉霍君初命其徒劉振聲與之角優劣不分勝負翌日張君堅請霍君與較語含譏諷霍弗獲已勉與週旋不旋踵而張君已失敗比武一幕就此告終第聲譽所馳終不使我精勤勇毅之力士投閒置散以自祕其家傳絕技也時値暑假各學校學生皆願受教於霍君入會者踵相接今日巍然矗立之精武體育會此其初基矣惟事屬始創籌備維艱學子七十人祇逼處於閘北王家宅地址旣形狹窄器械又未齊備且溽暑逼人困難萬狀而均不足以沮向學者之心斯道動人之深霍君感人之厚已可想見有此動機方謂研練數年不難盡人而霍君矣豈知造物雖生才又未嘗不忌才曾幾何時致墮奸人陰謀詭計中未告成功先傳噩耗是不僅霍君之不幸抑亦精武學子之不幸已先是霍君籌備設立精武體操會時島人有柔術會者以抵角術擅盛名於彼邦耳霍君名特拔其尤者十餘人來滬與霍君較雙方擇定公證人彼邦要人亦預其列霍君先命其徒嘗試以不諳彼輩手術故先直立不動以覘其究竟彼輩見有機可乘直揕其徒之胸欲捽之使倒不知技擊教練法先穩步武故踵趾着地有如嶽峙逈非尋常臂力所能搖動者彼輩不察疑有魔術存於其間互相詫愕抑亦可哂之甚矣角逐而後技皆出霍君之徒下彼輩恚憤之餘慫恿其首領出與霍君較其技雖略優然一經霍君之迎擊便覺步武凌亂氣喘如牛陡聞砉然一聲敵人已折其臂彼徒衆嘩噪不已幸有證人折之以理始含恨而退繼而聚飲席間詢知霍君新染咳症遂介紹彼邦醫士診治而霍君竟受其慢性壞肺藥之賜精武開會未及兩月竟舍各學子而賷恨以沒矣斯時會衆及助教二人以斯會創立不易勉繼霍君之志百計維持中經無數波折始克於次年遷至上海滬北之商團舊址而會務始漸有端倪焉終以風氣未開雖提倡不遺餘力而譽者終不敵毀者之多備歷艱幸飽嘗笑駡在事職員亦可謂勞怨不辭者矣是秋以會款支絀特假新舞臺開運動會籌款今精武會每年開秋季運動會一次實濫觴於此是時學者練習僅數月尚無成績可言迨霍君之弟元卿蒞滬嚴加訓練學者技術始大進社會信仰日深而學界之聞風興起者幾遍大江南北矣會內教員因此有應接不暇之勢蓋同時分會所需與夫學堂之聘請寥寥三五教員除在會授課外絕無餘晷以供各界之求於是遣人赴燕敦請擅斯道者數人一時蒞會者如趙連和趙漢傑趙觀永李健民張富猷李占風李蓮村霍先生之子東閣等皆擅絕技而富經驗者以之分派各校擔任教務如南洋公學南市商團水產學校甲種商業學校中國體操學校惜陰公會中學校等均聘精武會教員授藝分會則除本埠外紹興南潯松江香港均經設立現在則漢口粵商勞用宏君又已成立分會於該鎭矣民國初元紹興分會幾為王金發所蹂躪幸前滬督陳英士函電紛馳始保無恙此數年中精武會之發展雖由各職員之慘淡經營然出於會長袁恒之之實力贊助為多民國四年冬各職員會議僉謂會員日衆會址不敷擬擇一相當之地點建完全之會場俾斯道流傳有基勿壞嗚呼斯時所言徒為理想乃有志竟成而五年春新會所卒告成功則陳君公哲盧君煒昌姚君蟾伯等為力獨多也未幾部署旣定擇日遷居會員茫然未知羣相詫異幾疑此次建築實成於鬼斧神工不知由冬徂春三君籌劃進行辦理交涉固已疲於奔命神形交悴矣竊思之自國中有技擊以來從未見有如是堂皇刀槍劍戟竟得自由映耀於租界日光中者會務而臻此地步此職員等所以百折不回茹苦而若有餘甘也新會初基旣奠百務叢生易其名曰體育範圍益廣舉凡一切有關體育者罔不具備以其專事體育未免偏畸貽譏故於德智之貫輸特三致意焉此會中以所以有勵志團書報室與夫中西夜學之設施也至勵志團之改良尤為難能可貴會員皆束身自愛未聞以粗暴陵人會衆亦從無發生意見者胥於此團是賴餘如音樂遊藝等部之組織其有補於身心亦非淺鮮也會務旣繁各職員咸以弗克負荷是懼復於五年春組織董事會俾遇事有所秉承今之董事為簡琴石君袁恒之君簡照南君黃伯平君霍守華君温欽甫君譚海秋君胡耀庭君湯節之君之數君者於斯會多所贊助誠社會之熱腸人也五年開秋季運動會高中初三級會員同時舉辦畢業以北派旣造詣日進不得不多參別派以資研究其時添聘者南派則有江陰陳維賢君孫賛軒君此外又添聘北派葉鳳岐君增加弓箭一科及粵派教員以增進會員之體力更闢女子模範團為將來女子體育會之碻矢又增設槓子平檯木馬等技而會務乃蒸蒸日上今則滬上各學堂如中華鐵路學校復旦公學倉聖明智大學廣東小學澄衷中學嶺南中學培本小學聖約翰大學培德學校愛國女學校恆豐德大紗廠中國公學商務印書館工界靑年勵志會唯一兩等小學郇光學校皆延請精武會教員教授拳術蓋各界之樂習斯藝者良以其運用肢體咸出自然毫無勉強耗力之弊雖老人稚子無不相宜廣東小學之成績可證明稚子之獲益會董梁麗藻與編輯陳鐵生之練習可為老人獲效之表示若夫壯年孱弱者一經訓練成效昭然會員沈季修一病幾殆入會練習未及經年其食慾竟兼三人之量陳公哲君之妹士超女士患心悸血虧者四五年乞靈醫藥終未見效改向技擊方面注意而竟得霍然餘如黃維慶等僅及半年其身軀之發達前後判若兩人默計一年中凡柔弱之少年轉為強壯者正不知凡幾回思霍君一念之誠竟成偉業他日轉移風氣重鑄國魂將不僅於商學兩界是望前途遠大願與同志共勉之中華民國七年四月八日
Huo Yuanjia was born in Hebei. His father, Huo Endi, passed down the family tradition to him. He practiced the art his whole life, then used his skill to become famous everywhere. Huo Yuanjia further benefited from internal training, drawing much from various other arts, obtaining the essence of martial arts as a whole. His body was soft as cotton, and yet his bones were hard as steel. Even leopards would not frighten him, so powerful were his arms, and yet he had an elegant and gentle temperament, not an attitude of drawing a sword or aiming a crossbow. Glancing at him, he did not look like someone who was skilled, and people were not often aware that he was an expert in both internal and external styles.
　　In the first year of the reign of Emperor Xuantong [i.e. 1909], he came at the request of a friend to have a contest with a European muscleman named O’Brien, hoping to wash away the humiliation of being the “sick men of an old empire”. When he arrived in Shanghai, he planted a banner at Zhang’s Garden which declared that he would accept challenges from the strong men of any nation, and which said: “Even if he has skin of bronze and bones of iron, I am not afraid of him.” The very idea caused people to become enraptured and jump with excitement.
　　O’Brien at this time did not yet know of Huo’s great skill, and so he puffed himself up as though he was mighty enough to conquer the whole world. But when he suddenly saw how strong Huo was, he became apprehensive. He wanted an agreement over the rules that required no jabbing with fingers, hooking with feet, or striking with fists. This made it clear that his heart was not in it, that he was strong only on the outside. Well, if a “sick man of an old empire” can frustrate a muscleman in this way, it only reveals foreign arrogance, and our compatriots sighed with relief.
　　With the blue-eyed [i.e. Western] fighter ending up going away in fear, having arranged a match and then suddenly calling it off, Huo was left standing alone on the platform. Spectators saw his penetrating eyes, but unfortunately did not get to witness his skills. Noticing this situation, Huo then began to flourish his fists and palms, performing his family’s art, and invited any brawny fellows onto the platform to have a bout with him. They each only got as far as throwing out three punches before being overwhelmed by the effectiveness of his internal skill. Some were more skillful than others, but all of those who were willing to try out their skills looked like fools when trying them against Huo.
　　Several days later, a man named “Eastern Sea” Zhao climbed onto the platform and asked for “instruction”. Huo made it a point to not injure compatriots, and so he declined the challenge. Zhao became very annoyed by this, so Huo felt compelled to accommodate him in some way and [thus had his student, Liu Zhensheng, have the bout with Zhao]. Zhao lost and thus knew that he would be no match for Huo, so he sent for his friend Zhang to get revenge. Huo then had Liu Zhensheng test Zhang’s skill as well and this bout ended in a draw. The next day, Zhang tried to provoke Huo himself to have a bout by insulting him, but Huo did not fall for it and instead circled around behind him. In an instant, Zhang was in such a position that he had already lost anyway. With this “competition” ending in this way, Huo’s fame spread quickly. So that such an occurrence would not cause our most dedicated fighters to become demoralized, he decided he would share his family’s unique art instead of keeping it secret.
　　Throughout the summer, students from every school wanted to learn from Huo, joining his Jingwu Association one after another. This was the genesis of the Jingwu Athletic Association, which now stands rock-firm, but had many difficulties in the beginning, such as seventy students being crammed into the original location in the Wang Family Neighborhood in the Zhabei District. The space was cramped and the facilities were incomplete, and so the sweltering summer heat was made even more oppressive, but it could not make the students give up.
　　The Jingwu Association inspired people, which of course further motivated Huo. With such a sense of purpose, it seemed that the training would go on for many years, with no difficulties that would capable of stopping either the students or Huo himself. However, Nature not only brings a talent into the world, but also takes him back. Some villain soon hatched a scheme, and before Huo’s grand work could be completed, there came the sad news of his death. This was not only a tragedy for Huo, but also for all of the Jingwu students.
　　When Huo Yuanjia had established the Jingwu Calisthenics Association, there was a Japanese man who had a Judo school and whose wrestling skill had made him famous throughout Japan. Huo had by then become famous for defeating more than a dozen fighters, and so the Japanese man came to Shanghai to challenge Huo. They both decided on a date and had it put in writing. Many other important people from Japan were also in attendance.
　　Huo first had his top student [Liu] test the skill of the Judo master’s students in turn. Not being familiar with Judo techniques, Liu therefore stood motionless and watchful. When each of the Judo practitioners saw an opportunity, they attacked directly toward Liu’s chest, hoping to then grab him and throw him down. But they did not know that our martial arts are based in stable stances, the whole foot planted on the ground, making one like a mountain, and no amount of their arm strength could move him. The Judo practitioners consequently could not comprehend what Liu was doing and thought it was some kind of trickery. Their initial amazement turned to sneers of contempt.
　　After these exchanges, all of the techniques that had come out of Huo’s student made the Judo practitioners furious and this caused the master himself to come forward to fight with Huo. The master indeed possessed skill, but as soon as he clashed with Huo, his feet stumbled in confusion and he began panting with exertion. Suddenly there was a distinctive sound, and the Judo master’s arm had been broken. His students then made an uproar, but since there were witnesses, the students simply expressed their rage and left.
　　Later on at a banquet, Huo fell into a fit of coughing and was then recommended to a Japanese physician for treatment. But the medicine Huo received was actually a slow-acting lung poison. The Jingwu Association had been open for barely two months and had effectively become a home for many of the students, and so they harbored quite a grudge when Huo died.
　　Thereafter both the students and assistant instructors decided not to give up on the association that Huo had founded and to strive to fulfill Huo’s ambition. Among countless plans to maintain the Jingwu Association, and after endless setbacks, they moved the location into another building, slightly farther north in the neighborhood, and it was there that the more familiar Jingwu Association affairs gradually started to take shape. However, it was viewed in the area as something uncivilized, and although the members did their utmost to promote it, the praise it received usually did not outweigh the slander. Despite experiencing difficulty and derision, they labored on without complaint.
　　By that autumn [of 1912], the Jingwu Association had insufficient funds to continue, and so it borrowed a stage on which to have an athletic meet to raise money. It nowadays has an athletic meet every autumn, and this is the source of that custom. The students had only practiced for a few months, and so they had little success to speak of, but once Huo’s younger brother Yuanqing came to Shanghai, he trained them hard and they made great progress. Society at large grew more confident about the Jingwu Association with each day, and those in academic circles became inspired everywhere, both north and south of the Yangzte River. Because of this, membership increased to a number that was higher than could be provided for.
　　To fulfill the needs of branch locations and the requests to teach in various schools, there were only a few instructors available. Beyond giving lessons at the Jingwu Association, they simply had no spare time to attend to it all. People were therefore sent to Hebei to sincerely invite many practitioners, including Zhao Lianhe, Zhao Hanjie, Zhao Guangyong, Li Jianmin, Zhang Fuyou, Li Zhanfeng, Li Liancun, and Huo Yuanjia’s son Dongge, all of whom are skillful and experienced, to take on teaching duties in various schools, such as Nanyang Public School, South City Business Group Fishery School, 1st Business School, Chinese Calisthenics School, and the Precious-Time Public Association Secondary School, which had all asked for instructors from the Jingwu Association.
　　Branch locations have since been established, such as in Shaoxing, Nanxun, the Songjiang District of Shanghai, and Hong Kong, and Cantonese businessman Lao Yonghong has recently also been working to establish a branch at the barracks in Hankou. In 1912, the Shaoxing branch was getting damaged by the forces on Wang Jinfa [during his time as military leader over Shaoxing], but fortunately Chen Yingshi [Qimei], who was running Shanghai at the time, sent a flurry of telegrams to him, ordering him to protect the area and keep it safe. During these several years, although the expansion of the Jingwu Association is due mainly to the painstaking effort of its members, it also owes much to the strong support of its president Yuan Hengzhi.
　　In the winter of 1915, there was a staff meeting in which all agreed that membership had constantly increased and the old location [having been ruined by typhoon damage] was no longer sufficient to handle the steady influx anyway. They planned a new location which would have more complete facilities in order for these arts to be passed down better, building on a foundation that would not decay. Their words lived up their ideals, a case of “where there’s a will, there’s way” coming true, for in the spring of 1916, the completion of the new location was announced, chiefly due to the efforts of Chen Gongzhe, Lu Weichang, and Yao Chanbo.
　　Soonafter, the date was set to open the space. Members had no idea what it was going to be like inside and were amazed, finding the building to be an example of superlative craftsmanship. They were not aware that from winter to spring, Chen, Lu, and Yao had been preparing and arranging everything, rushing around so busily that they were now exhausted. It really seems that ever since the emergence of martial arts in our nation, these arts have never had such a magnificent shrine as this, and all our ancient weapons can at last gleam freely within the Foreign Concession. The Jingwu Association achieved this because of the stubborn determination of its staff members, managing to eat bitter by pretending it is sweet.
　　With the new location now established, countless new tasks arose. The name was changed from “Calisthenics” to “Athletic Association”, representing the broader range of courses offered, though still related to and focusing on physical education. That bias had unavoidably provoked some mockery, and thus moral education and intellectual education have been infused into the curriculum so that there is particular attention given to all three forms of education.
　　The Jingwu Association therefore now has an Encouragement Club, a reading room full of books and periodicals, Chinese and English language night classes, and so on. The improving presence of the Encouragement Club is particularly praiseworthy. Club members are steeped in self-respect, never being rude or insulting to others and yet will put forth their opinions frankly. Everyone in the club is therefore reliable. There are also departments for music and recreation in order to nourish both body and mind, not letting either part be neglected.
　　The affairs of the Jingwu Association became too numerous for staff members to handle. To deal with this problem, a board of directors was formed in the spring of 1916 so that they instead could absorb the burden. The current directors are: Jian Qinshi, Yuan Hengzhi, Jian Zhaonan, Huang Boping, Huo Shouhua, Wen Qinfu, Tan Haiqiu, Hu Yaoting, and Tang Jiezhi. The Jingwu Association has received great support from the enthusiastic people of ordinary society.
　　The autumn athletic meet of 1916 at last involved the graduation of members at all three levels – beginner, intermediate, advanced – showing progressive achievement in the learning of northern styles. There needs to be an experience of various styles to make one’s studies more well-rounded, and therefore a couple of instructors of southern styles were hired at that time: Chen Weixian of Jiangyin and Sun Zanxuan. Also added was: another instructor of northern styles, Ye Fengqi; as well as a course in archery; instructors of styles from Guangdong, which increase physical strength; the Exemplary Women Team, which is the harbinger for a future Women’s Athletic Association; classes in gymnastic skills such as horizontal bar, balancing platform, and vaulting horse. Clearly the Jingwu Association is now thriving.
　　Various schools in Shanghai are now engaging Jingwu Association instructors to teach boxing arts, such as the Chinese Railroad School, Fudan Public School, Warehouse-of-Wisdom College, Guangdong Primary School, Chengzhong Secondary School, Lingnan Secondary School, Developing Fundamentals Primary School, St. John’s University, Developing Virtue Primary School, Patriotic Girls’ School, Enduring Abundance Cotton Mill and Virtuous Greatness Cotton Mill, China Public School, Encouraging-the-Workers’-Children Association of the Commercial Press, Peerless Primary School, and Xun Guang Secondary School.
　　People from all walks of life delight in practicing these arts, which are an excellent means of exercising the body, deriving from naturalness rather than great exertion. They are also suitable for young and old alike. The success of the program at Guangdong Primary School verifies the benefits for children, and the training of Jingwu Association director Liang Lizao and editor Chen Tiesheng demonstrates the benefits for older people.
　　For people who are in the prime of life and yet in a weakened state, the effects of the training are also obvious. Shen Jixiu had been deathly ill, so he came to train at the Jingwu Association, and after not even year, he had an enormous appetite. Chen Gongzhe’s sister, Ms. Chen Shichao, had suffered from heart palpitations and anemia for several years. Medicines had been ineffective, so she switched to trying martial arts, which quickly produced results. After receiving instruction of Huang Weiqing and others for only six months, her body was flourishing and she seemed to be a different person. Countless times, weak children have been changed into robust young people within the span of a mere year.
　　Looking back on Huo Yuanjia’s simple sincere idea, it has turned into a grand enterprise. It will someday transform the general mood and will play an important role in forming the national spirit, no longer merely drawing the attention of those in business and academic circles. The future looks very promising. We hope that our comrades will encourage each other to go ever further.
　　- April 8, 1918

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報界贊助尚不止此四月五晚宴各報記者於眞光公司由李福林君之代表楊達三君主席致辭介紹職員等於衆人繼由煒昌公哲先後宣布上海精武會宗旨及提倡技擊增進道德改良游戲等辦法各記者極端贊成陳蘿生君及羅嘯璈君宣言尤懇摯幷引提倡武道為報界天職闔座均感動決議全體加入精武會為會員列名如左
Support from the press has not been limited to articles such as these. On the evening of April 5, a banquet was given for the press at the True Light Company. Li Fulin’s representative Yang Dasan gave a speech introducing staff members to everyone, followed by Lu Weichang and Chen Gongzhe declaring the purpose of the Shanghai Jingwu Association and discussing how the promoting of martial arts is also a means of increasing morality and improving recreation.
　　Because journalists had been extremely helpful for spreading the word, Chen Luosheng and Luo Xiao’ao declared with sincerity that the promoting of martial arts had mainly been the work of the press, and all the guests were very moved to then be given honorary membership at the Jingwu Association. These journalist members are listed below:

容伯挺　陳蘿生（中華新報）
Rong Boting, Chen Luosheng (China News)
黎佩詩（安雅報）
Li Peishi (Peace & Elegance News)
鄧叔裕（天游報）
Deng Shuyu (Sky Rover Daily News)
宋季緝（共和報）
Song Jiji (Republic News)
梁質庵　王澤民（國華報）
Liang Zhi’an, Wang Zemin (Chinese National Newspaper)
羅嘯璈　陳寶尊（七十二行商報）
Luo Xiao’ao, Chen Baozun (All Businesses Bulletin)
梁懍丹　趙秀石　何傑三（羊城報）
Liang Lindan, Zhao Xiushi, He Jiesan (Yangcheng [old name for Guangzhou] News)
李大醒　李抗希（新報）
Li Daxing, Li Kangxi (Daily News)
陸見如　甘六持　馮伯礪（天聲報）
Lu Jianru, Gan Liuchi, Feng Boli (Heaven’s Voice Daily News)
鄧警亞　雷恨生（平民報）
Deng Jingya, Lei Hensheng (Common People News)
田達人（新民國報）
Tian Daren (New Republic News)
劉少平　張鏡藜（商權報）
Liu Shaoping, Zhang Jingli (Financial Strength News)

翌晚卽在報界公會演講體育幻燈都二百餘片蒞場者除報界外尚有學界多人閉會時由報界同人款以茶點而散開會日各界均蒞場襄助進行軍警兩界派憲兵軍樂隊及衞隊到會南武中學曁女子師範學校均派職員及學生到場照料一切及招待來賓商團幹事黃礪海君南武校長何劍吾君總幹事楊達三君簡琴石君陳蘿生君羅嘯璈君熊長卿君陳恭受君李明揚君卓仁機君等（多有莫憶其台銜者）助力尤偉至可感級開會情形如左
The following evening, they gave a lecture before the Press Guild, giving their slide-show presentation, including more than two hundred slides. Beyond the press, among those present were many people in educational circles. At the end of the event, comrades within the press had contributed to provide refreshments. Support for the event also came from people in military and police circles, attendance including members of military police, military bands, and armed escort services.
　　Faculty members and students from Nanwu Secondary School and Guangdong Women’s Normal School were present to manage everything and receive guests, the guests including Huang Lihai, a secretary-in-charge from the Business Group, He Jianwu, principal of Nanwu Secondary School, as well as general secretaries Yang Dasan, Jian Qinshi, Chen Luosheng, Luo Xiao’ao, Xiong Changqing, Chen Gongshou, Li Mingyang, Zhuo Renji, and many others, who had all provided extraordinary assistance. Details of the grand opening are recorded in the articles below:

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▲廣東精武體育會開會紀盛（中華新報）
“Opening of Guangdong Jingwu Athletic Association” (China News)

昨午廣東精武體育會在海珠戲院開成立大會到會軍政學商男女各界凡數千人先期由會員推出幹事擔任會場各項職務戲院前懸掛南武學校所贈生花聯文云（崑崙萬派）（吳越一家）場上陳列各種武器異常精備場前懸掛以生花圈砌上海精武體育會元祖霍元甲先生遺像中懸國旗及三星會旗一點鐘搖鈴開會先由幹事楊達三君代表李鎭守使宣告開會理由大致以上海精武體育會成效極著蒙該會主幹陳公哲盧煒昌姚蟾伯諸君熱心來粵續行組織廣東精武體育會各界人士無不熱心贊助以故不三數日卽行成立深望大家毅力進行永久不敝云幹事羅嘯璈報告推定林軍長虎為臨時主席衆大鼓掌旋由林主席演說略謂吾人在世界上須有精神與毅力方能擔任世界大事吾國技擊為強健身體之妙術亦卽為增進精神之妙術今上海精武體育會諸君講求十數年萃集吾國技擊以為吾國人民能任強種保國之大用上海旣著成效復行在粵組織斯會凡在粵人應共勉勵庶無負陳盧諸君之美意云云演畢由盧煒昌君報告在上海辦理精武體育會十一年經過情形幷演說略謂吾國技擊家以廣州為極盛惟各有派別故至今日尚無一體育會成立可為大憾須知中國技擊今日已傳至外國極為外人所敬重吾人又安可以派別而不求合力以謀吾術之進步乎廣州技擊家專以鬭武為事實一大病吾願羣起改良益且互相聯合互相勉勵以求日益精進則廣東斯會可以不朽抑更有言者十年前吾國之習技擊者每以匪類視之今始知為體育中之良技耳且其時教授上每不合法或於人身上微有妨礙如偏於步武而忽於生理且又無秩序之訓練故學者每以為苦而成功較難以後辦法應以變通教授斟酌生理研究實用以宏斯道之效云云演畢報告上海精武體育會賀電及各界頌詞旋由本報記者陳蘿生演說技擊精神純與愛國極有關係深望日事擴張於世界上占一優美地位云云次魏邦平演說強種及國粹兩問題亦極暢快次林議長森演說尚武眞際不特於個人極有利益且關繫於國家云云備極痛快演畢旋宣告行授盾禮陳公哲君代表上海精武體育會送出廣東精武體育會銅質大盾形徽章一大座幷詳陳斯會所定盾形其宗旨純在以武力自衞絕不侵犯他人解釋畢呈由主席林君接受復備小盾十二個分贈發起廣東精武會李福林魏邦平陳廉伯簡琴石楊達三熊長卿陳恭受黃礪海楊梅賓林虎簡照南金湘帆十二人
Yesterday afternoon, the Guangdong Jingwu Athletic Association held a grand opening event at the Sea Pearls Theater. It was attended by thousands of people, from all walks of life – military, government, education, business – men and women alike. Jingwu Association members and staff had performed various tasks beforehand. At the front of the theater they had hung a pair of mottos in calligraphy presented by the Nanwu Secondary School, which said: “From the Kunlun Mountains have flowed countless styles.” / “The citizens of Wu and Yue are now one family.” On the stage, there was a variety of weapons displayed with meticulous care. At the middle of the stage was hung garland wreaths and a portrait of Huo Yuanjia, founder Shanghai Jingwu Athletic Association, was hung between the national flag and the three-star flag.
　　At 1pm, a bell was rung to commence the event. First Yang Dasan, secretary-in-charge and representative for provincial garrison commander Li Fulin, proclaimed the opening of the new branch, summarized the remarkable results of the Shanghai Jingwu Association, and explained how the pillars of it – Chen Gongzhe, Lu Weichang, and Yao Chanbo – had enthusiastically came to Guangdong to form the Guangdong Jingwu Athletic Association, gaining such ardent support from people of all walks of life that they succeeded in establishing it here in just a few days, and how they sincerely hope that everyone will have the tireless willpower to make it last forever.
　　Secretary-in-charge Luo Xiao’ao announced that army commander Lin Hu had been selected as chairman overseeing this event, which was met with great applause by the crowd. Lin then gave a speech in which he said: “Our people need to have spirit and stamina to be able to deal with worldly affairs. Our nation’s martial arts are a wonderful means of both strengthening the body and increasing spirit. The gentlemen of the Shanghai Jingwu Athletic Association have for a decade been collecting the best of our nation’s martial arts so that our nation’s people will be able to live up to the principle of ‘strengthen the masses to protect the nation’. Having had great success in Shanghai, they have now come to establish a Jingwu Association here in Guangdong. We Cantonese people should all encourage each other to work hard and not betray the great kindness that men like Chen and Lu have done for us.”
　　After this speech was finished, Lu Weichang stated that the Jingwu Athletic Association had now been managed from Shanghai for a decade, and then he gave a speech in which he said: “Some of the greatest masters of our nation’s martial arts are in Guangzhou. But even though there are many styles here, not a single athletic association has been established, a great pity indeed. It has to be understood that Chinese martial arts have already spread to other nations and have become highly respected by foreigners. How then can our own people be obsessed over particular styles instead of joining together so that our arts can progress? Martial arts masters in Guangzhou have made the great mistake of feuding over their styles. I hope they will now come together instead, uniting to encourage each other for the sake of constant improvement, and thereby enable the mission of the Guangdong Association to endure.”
　　He went on to say: “Ten years ago, our nation’s martial arts practitioners were looked upon as little more than bandits, but it is now understood that these arts are an excellent means of physical education. In those days, the teaching methods were not always appropriate, sometimes hindering rather than helping a student’s body, such as emphasizing footwork while ignoring physiology, or having no systematic order for learning the material, causing the student to work harder than necessary and making it more difficult to succeed. We have since adopted better teaching methods, involving more consideration of physiology and study of practical application, greatly improving the effectiveness of these arts.”
　　After this speech, congratulatory telegrams and poetry that had been sent to the Shanghai Jingwu Athletic Association from people in various circles was read out. Then Chen Luosheng, a journalist for this newspaper, gave a speech about how the martial spirit is entirely patriotic and how he sincerely hopes that someday these arts will be spread to the rest of the world and be held in high regard as something exquisite. Then Wei Bangping gave a speech about the two issues of strengthening the nation and preserving our cultural essence, and was full of optimism. And then speaker [for the Guomindang] Lin Sen gave a speech about how martial arts are actually not only of great benefit to individuals but also to the nation as a whole, and was very forthright in his views.
　　After these speeches, the ceremony of presenting the Jingwu crest was carried out by Chen Gongzhe on behalf of the Shanghai Jingwu Athletic Association, which had sent it to the Guangdong Jingwu Association. The bronze shield was placed on a large pedestal, displaying the Jingwu Association’s “shield”. It represents the use of martial arts only for defense, never for bullying others. After this was explained, speaker Lin presented a dozen smaller versions of the shield to a dozen sponsors of the Guangdong Jingwu Association: Li Fulin, Wei Bangping, Chen Lianbo, Jian Qinshi, Yang Dasan, Xiong Changqing, Chen Gongshou, Huang Lihai, Yang Meibin, Lin Hu, Jian Zhaonan, and Jin Xiangfan [Cengcheng].

精武會章
The Jingwu crest:

旋報告開始運動（運動表如上文故略）來賓中有熊長卿家族子女等分演棍棒各種熊氏教師温偉琴（温生才子）李振昌分演拳棍各擅其勝演畢福軍技擊團運動
Then it was time to begin the performances (which are already listed above and thus are only briefly discussed here). Among the guests were Xiong Changqing’s sons and daughters, who performed various staff sets. Xiong family instructors Wen Weiqin (son of Wen Shengcai) and Li Zhenchang performed boxing and staff sets, which they are each experts in. After these performances, then Li Fulin’s martial arts team performed these sets:

刀拆扒　帥大佳　鄧林
Saber Versus Rake: Shuai Dajia & Deng Lin
雙頭棍　鄧日初
Double-Head Staff: Deng Richu
東陽劍　鄧偉英
Sunrise Sword: Deng Weiying
單軟鞭　關少伸
Single Soft Whip: Guan Shaoshen
挑刀　帥文佳
Carrying Saber: Shuai Wenjia
拆拳　帥堅　帥堯
Two-Person Boxing: Shuai Jian & Shuai Yao
雙刀　周龍輝
Double Sabers: Zhou Longhui
白手拆刀　周標　李昌
Empty-Hand Versus Saber: Zhou Biao & Li Chang
雙軟鞭　林世榮
Double Soft Whip: Lin Shirong
雙鈎刀　李洪恩
Double Hooking Sabers: Li Hong’en
雙刀　吳仁湖
Double Sabers: Wu Renhu
快扒　周海棍
Rake: Zhou Haigun
謝亨拳　甘標拆
Xie Heng’s Boxing: Gan Biaochai
八卦刀　鄒敬黃
Eight-Trigrams Saber: Zou Jinghuang
昆拳　黃禮
Kunwu Boxing: Huang Li
飛鉈　黃飛鴻
Flying Plummet: Huang Feihong [Wong Fei-hung]
快扒　王鳳岡
Rake: Wang Fenggang
龔華拳　葉顯榮
Gong Hua’s Boxing: Ye Xianrong
快扒　胡中
Rake: Hu Zhong
賢拳　陳耀池
Virtuous Boxing: Chen Yaochi

以上各技各擅其長衆均鼓掌可謂到底不懈當該團開始運動並有鼓樂相助尤顯精神故是日到會數千男女均樂觀至五時乃散云
Each of these sets is that person’s specialty. The applause went on continuously right up to the end. Then the group began a demonstration of exercises accompanied by drumming, displaying even more spirit than before. Therefore on that day, the several thousand men and women in attendance were all given good reason to hope. The event finished at 5pm and then the crowd dispersed.

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▲精武體育會開會之詳情（粵聲報）
“Details about Opening of Jingwu Athletic Association” (Cantonese Voice News)

昨九日廣東精武體育會假座海珠戲院開成立大會各界赴會者數千人後至者俱無座位雖演最著名劇本觀者亦無如是之衆社會注意此事已可想見各處所來祝詞亦共十數通查其佈置男女兩路門前均懸生花橫額文曰廣東精武體育會成立其生花聯一曰（崑崙萬派）（吳越一家）一曰（精神尚武）（吾道其南）種種點綴均甚大觀午後一時鼓奏軍樂開會由軍署參謀長林虎主席報告開會理由畢該會主幹盧煒昌卽將在滬辦理精武體育會過去情形從詳縷述幷言學習技擊須於生理學方面兼顧方獲實益又宜注重武德云云繼由林森魏邦平等相繼演說畢遂行授盾禮盾者隱存足以護身之意當由陳公哲代表該會將銅盾一具授與主席幷以魏邦平等贊助甚力各皆授以小銅盾一具授畢開始運動先演潭腿係以口令指揮與體操無異故雖集百數十人亦可操練該會授藝首重潭腿故先演之觀其作動長幼咸宜與所謂紮馬者誠有難易之別隨復開演各技計凡四十四種又由福軍技擊團繼續運動直至五點後始散
Yesterday, the 9th, the Guangdong Jingwu Athletic Association borrowed the use of the Sea Pearls Theater for its grand opening. It was attended by thousands of people from all walks of life. There were no seats to spare for those who arrived late. Audiences there had seen famous plays, but nothing like this, and so it is easy to imagine how it caught the attention of the public. Dozens of letters of congratulations had been sent from various sources, and the audience was comprised of both men and women.
　　In front of the doors was hung a horizontal placard which said: “Grand opening of the Guangdong Jingwu Athletic Association”. To each side of the doors was hung a pair of mottos in calligraphy, on one side saying: “From the Kunlun Mountains have flowed countless styles.” / “The citizens of Wu and Yue are now one family.” And on the other side saying: “Spirited and martial!” / “Our ways are now in the south.” There was also a variety of ornate decorations, producing a sense of spectacle.
　　At 1pm, the event commenced with drums and military music. Military chief-of-staff Lin Hu announced the mission of the Jingwu Association. Lu Weichang, one of the pillars of the Shanghai Jingwu Athletic Association, explained the situation in more detail, saying that students of martial arts must at the same time study physiology in order to obtain the most benefit, and should also give great attention to martial virtue. Lin Sen and Wei Bangping each gave a speech. Then came the ceremony of awarding the Jingwu crest, a shield emblem representing the covering and protecting of the body. Chen Gongzhe presented bronze shields, enthusiastically assisted by Lin Hu and Wei Bangping, who each presented smaller shields.
　　Then there were performances, beginning with Tantui, directed by verbal commands, like a calisthenics workout, and therefore over a hundred people were able to perform at the same time. The Jingwu Association teaches Tantui first of all, and thus it was the first thing to be performed. Its movements are suitable for young and old alike, “much easier than trying to tame a horse” [i.e. a more general form of exercise rather than a specialized task]. It was then followed by other performances for a total of forty-four different kinds of practice sets. Then Li Fulin’s martial arts team performed more sets, all the way until the end of the event at 5pm.

又一訪函云日昨精武體育會假座海珠戲院開成立運動大會十二時座為之滿幾無立足地所演技擊上海會俱演北派福軍部兼演南北派尤以李占風葉鳳岐合演雙掃子串槍為最出色盧煒昌姚蟾伯之刀拐串槍陳公哲盧煒昌之合戰精神技術二者均稱楊琛倫之醉八仙居然有酒醉態度令人解頤小童二珠李鎭守使之二公子也所運之刀幾與身高相埒運動頗為靈活其餘李蓮村之達摩劍黃漢榮之飛鉈林世榮之雙鞭均極可觀是日演技擊者約有百餘人干戈戚鉞各演所長直至五句餘鐘方始散會聞上海入會者不下數千人云
A few further details about the event: Yesterday, when the Jingwu Athletic Association borrowed the use of the Sea Pearls Theater for its grand opening, the seats were already packed by noon and there was no longer even any room to stand. Members of the Shanghai Jingwu Association performed northern styles and then Li Fulin’s martial arts team performed both northern and southern styles.
　　Highlights were Li Zhanfeng and Ye Fengqi performing Two-Section Staff Versus Spear, which was particularly outstanding, Lu Weichang and Yao Chanbo performing Saber & Cane Versus Spear, Chen Gongzhe and Lu Weichang performing Cooperative Fight, praiseworthy in both spirit and technique, and Yang Chenlun performing Drunken Eight Immortals, for which he appeared so drunk that it made everyone laugh. Children performed too, such as provincial garrison commander Li Fulin’s two sons wielding sabers, the boys being of equal height, whose movements were very nimble.
　　Other notable performances were Li Liancun performing Damo Sword, Huang Hanrong [Feihong] performing Flying Plummet, and Lin Shirong’s performing Double Whips, all extremely impressive. Over a hundred people gave martial arts performances that day, showing particular skill with weapons, performing until the end of the event at 5pm. We have learned that there are now no less than a thousand members of the Shanghai Jingwu Association.

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▲開會後之廣告（各報咸登）（義務告白）
An announcement following the event (appearing in various periodicals and posted as a public notice):

各團體諸君鑒敝會開幕辱蒙寵臨幷贈多儀謹此鳴謝再會所未定以前如有賜函請交海幢寺福軍大營轉交便妥此達
廣東精武體育會拜啓
To all those from various organizations who contributed to the opening of the Jingwu Association, honoring us with your attention and gifts, we sincerely thank you. Our headquarters has not yet been determined, so if you wish to write to us, please send your letters: care of the Hoi Tong Temple, or of the Main Barracks of Li Fulin’s Army.
　　- Respectfully, the Guangdong Jingwu Athletic Association

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▲發起人之熱心資助
Financial Support from Enthusiastic Sponsors:
▲捐助精武體育會開辦費
“Donations to Help Open Jingwu Athletic Association”

廣東精武體育會經報成立惟會址未定急待進行聞該會發起幹事現已捐出鉅款為籌辦會所之用計李福林捐一千元陳廉伯捐一千元簡照南捐一千元楊梅賓捐一千元魏邦平捐一千元交由各幹事趕覓地址刻日開辦云
The Guangdong Jingwu Athletic Association has been established, though it still does not have a proper address. For this urgent situation, Jingwu Association sponsors and secretaries-in-charge have donated altogether a large sum of money toward securing a temporary location. Each of these men donated 1000 yuan: Li Fulin, Chen Lianbo, Jian Zhaonan, Yang Meibin, and Wei Bangping. Together they have managed to find a location and have set a date to open there.

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開會後蟾伯卽趁綏陽輪船返滬煒昌公哲亦於是晚三時回鄕省墓順道赴香山各界調查及鼓吹斯道晤該處教育會長商務會長及仁言報編輯亦均贊成斯旨教育會長劉日三君幷囑卽派教員來縣立各校任課云此行迂道回鄕為期旣逼登山涉水往返歷一百餘里於十四日趕回省城如約分赴各界歡迎會各報記載如左
After the grand opening event, Yao Chanbo went back to Shanghai on the steamship Suiyang, while Lu Weichang and Chen Gongzhe left on the same day at 3pm to go to their hometowns and visit their family gravesites, making a survey of the communities on the way, advertising these arts by meeting with the president of the Educational Association, the president of the Business Affairs Association, and the editor of Compassionate Words News, who then all pledged their support. Liu Risan, president of the Educational Association, even urged instructors should be brought to teach martial arts courses in various schools in the county. These detours on the way home added up to more than thirty miles before returning to Guangzhou on the 14th, whereupon the Jingwu Association received a welcome from various circles, as recorded in the articles below:

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▲各界分期歡迎體育會（七十二行商報）
“People from All Walks of Life Welcome Athletic Association One After Another” (All Businesses Bulletin)

精武體育會自宣告成立後各界人士極表歡迎茲將連日開歡迎會各團體列下因以見商學界之注意體育焉河南南武中學校十四日一時九曜坊廣東全省教育總會十四晚並演幻燈西瓜園商團總公所十五日十二時天馬巷女子體育學校等十五晚並演幻燈
After the announcement that the Jingwu Athletic Association had been established, people in various circles eagerly welcomed it. Scheduled one after another, various organizations held welcome celebrations for Jingwu representatives, demonstrating how much those in business and educational circles care about physical education: at the Nanwu Secondary School, Henan Island, on the 14th at 1pm; at the headquarters in Jiuyaofang District of the Guangdong Province Educational Association on the evening of the 14th (including performances and slide show); at the public affairs office of the Watermelon Park Business Group on the 15th at 12pm; at the Guangdong Girls’ Athletic School on Celestial Horse Lane on the evening of the 15th (including performances and slide show).

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▲南武中學歡迎精武體育會紀事（七十二行商報）
“Nanwu Secondary School Welcomes Jingwu Athletic Association” (All Businesses Bulletin)

昨午南武中學開會歡迎精武體育會員到會全體學生五百餘人來賓甚衆午間開會先由學生列隊環立唱歌次校長何劍吳先生宣佈理由略謂上海精武體育會主幹盧煒昌陳公哲君等係人鏡學社會員以滬上最殷實商人出任社會事業凡十餘年熱心毅力成立斯會今又以其餘力回粵復行組織廣東精武體育會以謀粵人之發達非常欣幸本校對於體育本極注重故今日特開歡迎大會實本公意云云宣布畢遂介紹盧君與各學生及來賓相見盧君旋出座演說先述上海精武會之起原及前六年經過艱難困苦之境次及後五年辦理之現狀其所附設勵志團等各皆以道德相尚幷增設各種科學以冀得完全之組織次復申論體育之主要在全體肌肉之發達中國技擊最為適當云衆大鼓掌復介紹與衆相見陳君復出演說大意以身所經歷對於體育確有最大之利益久思有所貢獻此次回粵得乘諸君之過愛有此盛會萬分榮幸旋將會中所設各部內容略為述出並及音樂一節合南北中西各派均有練習皆為怡情適性之具今蒙諸君以樂歌相餉謹獻拙技非敢云報也演畢遂出維阿連奏彈一曲聲韻悠揚音節嫻雅座中千數百人寂然聽之無不愉快萬象也奏畢旋開演藝會葉鳳岐李占風李蓮村及盧陳黃沈諸君各演刀棍槍械各種約歷兩小時始畢茶會乃散又聞本省教育會現定於今日下午七時假座小南門高等師範學校開會歡迎精武會幷請其演講幻燈凡該教育會會員及各公私學校職員均可赴會前報登載十四晚舉行係屬誤傳云
Yesterday at noon, the Nanwu Secondary School held a welcoming celebration for members of the Jingwu Athletic Association. It was very crowded, the entire student body in attendance and more than five hundred guests.
　　The event began with the students lining up to stand in a circle and then singing. Then principal He Jianwu declared the Jingwu mission with these words: “Lu Weichang and Chen Gongzhe are pillars of the Shanghai Jingwu Athletic Association, and indeed of society, for they made use of their position as wealthy businessmen of Shanghai to do an act of great philanthropy for the community, ten years ago establishing the Jingwu Association. They have now put what extra energy they have into coming to Guangdong to form the Guangdong Jingwu Athletic Association in order for Cantonese people to flourish as well. We in this school are extremely thankful for the great attention they have brought toward physical education, and therefore we are now holding this welcoming celebration to show them how we all feel.”
　　He then introduced Lu Weichang to the students and guests. Lu got up and made a speech about the genesis of the Shanghai Jingwu Association and the difficulties of its first six years, then its successes during the last five years, how the addition of new elements such as the Encouragement Club have elevated moral standards and how the addition of various scientific courses have made the curriculum more comprehensive. He then explained that the key to physical education lies in the muscular development of the entire body, and that Chinese martial arts are the most suitable tool for achieving this. The crowd gave him great applause.
　　He Jianwu then introduced Chen Gongzhe, who likewise made a speech, the general idea of which was that the body experiences enormous benefit from physical education, and that after thinking for a long time about how best to make a contribution, it was decided to bring this benefit to Guangdong. These gentlemen expressed how much they were moved by this distinguished gathering and that they felt extremely honored.
　　They then discussed some of the departments within the Jingwu Association, highlighting the music courses, which offers training in various styles of music, be it northern or southern, Chinese or Western, all of which have the capacity to calm one’s mind. They even performed some music for the gathering, displaying sincerity and humility. This was followed by a song on the violin that was so melodious and elegant that the audience of more than a thousand listened with rapturous attention and were delighted by every moment of it.
　　There were then performances of martial skill from Ye Fengqi, Li Zhanfeng, and Li Liancun, as well as from Lu Weichang, Chen Gongzhe, Huang Hanjia and Shen Jixiu, who demonstrated various weapons such as saber, staff, and spear. The event lasted about two hours, ending with the serving of tea.
　　The Guangdong Educational Association will also be holding a welcoming celebration for the Jingwu Association, tonight at Southern Gate Advanced Normal School at 7pm, and have invited the Jingwu representatives to give their slide-show lecture. All Educational Association members and staff of both private and public schools may attend. (In a previous issue, we incorrectly stated that it would be held on the night of the 14th rather than the 15th.)

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▲商團歡迎精武體育會紀事（七十二行商報）
“Business Group Welcomes Jingwu Athletic Association” (All Businesses Bulletin)

昨十五日粵省商團開會歡迎精武體育會在西瓜園操場高搭演武臺懸以生化橫額內嵌歡迎二字兩傍懸生花聯云（作商戰助為武德倡）是日到會者李鎭守使魏處長第一師司令部軍樂隊福軍技擊團及兩瑞獅到場助興各界來賓男女參觀者逾千人十二時開會團長公安會會長評議長等及各團友會友次第與精武會員行相見禮幷由評議員羅嘯璈先後宣讀開會理由及歡迎詞頌詞另錄畢隨請精武會員盧煒昌君演說略謂國家富強端賴工商業助力而工商界能實行助力首以研究體育為主要蓋體育可以增進精神實為維持種種實業之後盾我國技擊家雖屬不少奈多未聯絡故未能實收體育之效今貴商團規模宏偉則本體育會將來之發展必當藉商團為根柢而成一大團結力云云衆鼓掌隨由羅嘯璈宣佈今日精武會員須再往別處赴會刻因時間太促應請暫停演說先演技擊以資觀感於是精武會員分演各技極為精妙無不鼓掌贊美而福軍技擊團及兩瑞獅又繼續開演觀演者咸贊賞不置直至下午五時始各散會
Yesterday, the 15th, the Guangdong Provincial Business Group held a welcoming celebration for the Jingwu Athletic Association on the sports ground at Watermelon Park. A raised stage was used for martial arts performances, and on it was hung a horizontal placard proclaiming “Welcome!” To each side hung two pieces of vertical calligraphy, saying: “To assist us in wars of trade,”/ “We promote martial virtue”.
　　In attendance were Li Fulin, commander of the Guangdong Provincial Garrison, and Wei Bangping, head of the Guangdong Police Department, as well as the 1st Headquarters military band, Li Fulin’s martial arts team, who brought two auspicious lion-dance lions to liven things up, and more than a thousand guests from all walks of life, both men and women alike.
　　The event commenced at noon with the president of the Public Security Bureau, the speaker of the Advisory Council, and colleagues from various organizations, meeting the members of the Jingwu Association. Then Advisory Council speaker Luo Xiao’ao explained the mission of the Jingwu Association, gave a welcoming speech, and read out a poem of praise from the Guangdong Provincial Business Group, included below.*
　　Luo then invited Jingwu Association member Lu Weichang to give a speech, in which Lu said: “The prosperity and strength of nation depends entirely on the assistance of industry and commerce. For those in industrial and commercial circles to be able to give such assistance, the key is first of all for them to study physical education. Because physical education can boost morale, it can help sustain all kinds of industry. Although there are many masters of our nation’s martial arts, there are many more that we have not yet met, and so we cannot yet get any results from what they have to teach. But the scale of the Business Group is now so vast that the future expansion of the Jingwu Athletic Association will grow from it [i.e. be able to reach out and connect with more and more teachers] and both will succeed together.”
　　The crowd applauded this, and then Luo Xiao’ao announced that since these Jingwu Association members were scheduled to attend another [welcoming] event, time was too short for any more speeches. There were then martial arts performances to leave a lasting impression, the Jingwu members demonstrating their exquisite skills, all eliciting applause and praise. Then Li Fulin’s martial arts team and lion dancers continued to perform, the spectators all struck speechless with admiration, all the way until the end of the event at 5pm.

附粵省商團歡迎精武體育會頌詞今日為敝商團開會歡迎精武體育會良辰深蒙貴會諸君連翩蒞止惠然肯來曷勝榮幸謹上頌詞曰
* “Our business group today welcomes the Jingwu Athletic Association. It has been a delightful day with a veritable parade of esteemed guests. Deeply honored by their presence, we sincerely offer this poem:”

偉哉貴會卓著成績
體育精神驚傳異域
武德提倡不徒武力
用表歡迎欽佩無極
Great is the Jingwu Association, distinguished in its success.
Your athletic spirit will spread far.
You promote martial virtue, not just martial force.
We welcome you and have limitless admiration for you.

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▲精武體育會職員會紀事（七十二行商報）
“Minutes of a Meeting with Jingwu Association Staff” (All Businesses Bulletin)

十五日精武體育會會員假座商團開臨時會議先由陳公哲等道謝商團歡迎盛意幷云本會現回粵東組織尚未有相當地址自不能不酌借地點以為籌辦惟遍尋各處都以貴團地址為宜陳團長言貴會之組織敝團極表歡迎但敝團成例凡借地方須得評議會之議決當將此事咨交評議議決以符先例羅嘯璈言本團團長評議長等均屬體育會之發起人一經集議無不共表贊同但應改日齊集上海及廣東體育會會員聯同籌辦簡團長言愚見以為第一須先籌建地點以持久遠第時候迫速又須舉辦似宜先借本團地方為籌辦處評議會諸公體諒情形必能通過請評議長從速召集第二須擇地建築請督軍省長及市政公所酌撥地段或繳價承領至籌款之法現已集有四千餘元若再行籌集萬餘元之建築費無難立致現當籌辦之際應先定期開體育大會議一面先舉一起草員將籌議各級辦法分別起草以資討論盧煒昌言鄙人以為卽日組設一董事會舉定董事人員以期切實籌辦羅雪甫言貴會辦事認眞良足欽佩但卽日舉員籌辦一節目下時間迫速未能召集似須再定日期簡團長言應先由體育會備函商團借定地點方有着手陳鐵生言仍應先舉一臨時幹事長以便主理一切岑瓊波言若得貴會假座敝團地方籌辦藉資生色欣佩無極但須先由敝團大集會議徵取多數同意請照頃間羅評議長所言再定集議日期為先羅嘯璈言可卽定期本月十七日由評議會召集會議至臨時幹事長一職本廳舉由陳團長擔任但陳團長事務太多似宜舉簡副團長擔任以資籌辦衆贊成簡副團長言鄙人亦極多賤務但旣蒙各位過愛自當勉任（衆鼓掌）簡副團長又言鄙人頃所提出起草員一職應請羅嘯璈君擔任幷請熊君長卿楊君達三黃君礪海諸君出任襄助衆均贊成由衆舉陳團長廉伯為臨時財政員衆鼓掌議畢休會
On the 15th, the Jingwu Athletic Association came to the headquarters of the Business Group for an impromptu meeting [which presumably took place during the morning, before the welcoming celebration had begun, since they would have been too busy after it for the rest of the day]. Chen Gongzhe first thanked the Business Group for making them so welcome and then said: “We have come to Guangdong to form a branch location, but have still not found a suitable site for it, and so we have to consider borrowing one. Having searched everywhere, we wonder if the site of the Business Group itself might be the most appropriate.”
　　Chen Lianbo, head of the Business Group, said: “We strongly welcome the esteemed Jingwu Association, but to lend you the use of our space requires a resolution from the advisory committee. We shall discuss this matter in a way that conforms to precedent.”
　　Luo Xiao’ao said: “The heads of the Business Group are all sponsors of the Jingwu Athletic Association already, as we have all agreed. But now we should unite with the members of the Shanghai and Guangdong Jingwu Associations to actively help make arrangements.”
　　Jian Jinglun [Qinshi], deputy head of the Business Group, said: “My opinion is twofold: Firstly, a building must be constructed that would last, but since time is also pressing, we should let them borrow the use of our space in the meantime, making allowances for the situation. I request that the advisory committee convene as soon as possible. Secondly, a site must be chosen to construct upon, permission gained from the offices of the governor and municipal administration to break ground, and funds raised. We currently have about four thousand yuan that can be put into such a project. With another ten thousand, construction would not be difficult. We should start by setting a date for a planning meeting to discuss different proposals as to ways and means.”
　　Lu Weichang said: “I think we should immediately set up a board of directors, appointing those who are the most practical-minded.”
　　Luo Xuefu said: “The Jingwu Association is admirably hardworking, but planning must begin at once. Time is pressing, and if we cannot bring everyone together, another date will have to be set.”
　　Jian Qinshi said: “We should first have a formal letter from the Jingwu Athletic Association requesting to borrow our space, and then we can set to work.”
　　Chen Tiesheng said: “Even before that, we ought to appoint a temporary secretary to manage all of these matters.”
　　Cen Qiongbo said: “If the Jingwu Association borrows our space, it would bring us notoriety and endless admiration, but we must first discuss it and have a majority approval. I suggest we do this right away, otherwise as Luo Xuefu has said, a further date will have to be set.”
　　Luo Xiao’ao said: “I recommend that we convene on the 17th. I would also recommend that Chen Lianbo be put provisionally in charge of this project, but he is surely too busy, and so Jian Qinshi is probably the best bet to get it done.” All agreed.
　　Jian Qinshi said: “I too am very busy with a multitude of lesser tasks, but I will do my best for you all because I truly care about this project.” All applauded this. He continued: “I hereby call upon Luo Xiao’ao to draw up a proposal and for Xiong Changqing, Yang Dasan, and Huang Lihai to assist him.” All approved. Everyone consented to having Chen Lianbo put in charge of the finances. Applause. Meeting adjourned.

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▲商學兩界歡迎精武會（羊城報）
“Business and Academic Circles Welcome Jingwu Association” (Yangcheng News)

粵省商團定於十五日（今日）十二時歡迎上海精武體育會會員已紀昨報茲聞是日由商團軍分班守衞以維秩序幷恐人數擠擁憑券入場刻將本日精武會員運動表錄下
The Guangdong Provincial Business Group today, the 15th, will hold its welcoming celebration for members from the Shanghai Jingwu Athletic Association at 12pm, as was announced yesterday, arranged by those in business and military circles, and it looks like there may have been more tickets sold than seats available. Below is the order of performances by Jingwu members:

（一）團體操潭腿　幼稚會員
1. Group performance of Tantui: youth members
（二）黑虎拳　黃漢佳
2. Black Tiger Boxing: Huang Hanjia
（三）對棍　陳公哲　盧煒昌
3. Two-Person Staff: Chen Gongzhe & Lu Weichang
（四）抱月刀　沈季修
4. Moon-Embracing Saber: Shen Jixiu
（五）單刀串槍　李占風　李蓮村
5. Single Saber Versus Spear: Li Zhanfeng & Li Liancun
（六）團體操工力拳　幼稚會員
6. Group performance of Gongli Boxing: youth members
（七）雙刀串槍　陳公哲　盧煒昌
7. Double Sabers Versus Spear: Chen Gongzhe & Lu Weichang
（八）紮拳　李占風　李蓮村
8. Tying Boxing: Li Zhanfeng & Li Liancun
（九）五虎拳　黃漢佳
9. Fifth Tiger’s Boxing: Huang Hanjia
（十）綈袍劍　陳鐵生
10. Silk-Robe Sword: Chen Tiesheng
（十一）對槍　葉鳳岐　李蓮村
11. Two-Person Spear: Ye Fengqi & Li Liancun
（十二）節拳　盧煒昌
12. Articulated Boxing: Lu Weichang
（十三）九節鞭　陳公哲
13. Nine-Section Whip: Chen Gongzhe
（十四）幼稚會員各個運動　李業榮　衞廣元　李慶昌　謝棟柱
14. A variety of exercises for youth members: Li Yerong, Wei Guangyuan, Li Qingchang, Xie Dongzhu
（十五）雙掃子對槍　李占風　葉鳳岐
15. Two-Section Staff Versus Spear: Li Zhanfeng & Ye Fengqi
（十六）雙刀　黃漢佳
16. Double Sabers: Huang Hanjia
（十七）合戰　陳公哲　盧煒昌
17. Cooperative Fight: Chen Gongzhe & Lu Weichang
（十八）三節棍對槍　李蓮村　李占風
18. Three-Section Staff Versus Spear: Li Liancun & Li Zhanfeng

又聞本省教育會亦於本晚七時在高等師範學校開會歡迎該精武會幷請其演講幻燈凡該教育會會員及各公私學校職員均可赴會云
The Guangdong Educational Association will hold a welcoming celebration for the Jingwu Association at the Advanced Normal School at 7pm, inviting them to give their slide-show lecture. All Educational Association members and staff of both private and public schools may attend.

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廣州商團公所規模極大精武會籌備之始擬聯絡該所同志合力進行第接洽日淺各團員以未明精武會宗旨遲疑莫敢決觀此則知該所分子之優良非如他會之濫收會員者比迨見精武會成立後之表示卽極力贊成於短促時期中搭成高大之演武臺一座於十五日歡迎本會會員幷於是晚設公讌歡敍情意亹亹令人生感是日情形七十二行商報記錄獨詳載列如左
The public affairs office of the Guangzhou Business Group is an enormous space. The preparations for the Jingwu Association began with making connections, pooling resources, meeting every day with representatives of various organizations so that those who did not yet understand the purpose of the Jingwu Association, and thus might hesitate to contribute to it, would gain an overview of it that lets them know the qualities that make it a wonderful thing. One of these qualities for instance is that it is not at all like other associations that exist simply to profit off of their members, which would become manifestly clear once this Jingwu Association had been established.
　　The Business Group did their utmost to help with installing a raised platform for martial arts performances in a very short time, and then on the 15th, they held their welcoming celebration for members from the Shanghai Jingwu Association, followed that evening by a banquet, and everyone was very impressed by the amount of work that had been put in for the occasion. The events of that day, reported in an article in All Businesses Bulletin, are detailed below:

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▲代論（七十二行商報）
A Discussion of the Jingwu Era (published in All Businesses Bulletin):
▲三團體歡迎精武會員詳紀　嘯璈
“Three Organizations Welcome Members of the Jingwu Association” by Luo Xiao’ao

此次上海精武體育會主幹陳公哲盧煒昌姚蟾伯三君回粵組織廣東精武體育會備受各界歡迎迭見前報記者以斯會抱願宏大不特有益於個人身體而於社會及國家皆有莫大之關繫故不惜詳為紀錄以餉閱者亦新聞業所應有事也昨十五日商團開大會歡迎後及下午女子體育學校各董事復報告開會歡迎是時商團全體職員於會後方將設公讌乃以輿送陳盧黃葉李楊沈連八君赴該校歡迎會凡歷三小時始畢事盧君演說詳述生理學作用力勸女界去積習注重體育以期精神發展俾盡天賦能力免為世上贅癅洋洋數千言語淺意深發人深省會中千餘人無不感動演畢各演絕技而散乃返商團赴公讌會歡敍不一時復步行至高師赴廣東全省教育會歡迎是時已將屆八鐘各會員約千餘人環坐會堂以俟旋由會長金湘帆報告開會理由以體育關於教育之大精武會諸君辦理體育種種成效合當歡迎云云旋請盧君演說盧君謂技擊非特強健身體且可鍛鍊精神且有排洩作用濾淸血液以救氣質之偏卽為道德上根本之修養故其所注重以精氣神三者為純粹之絕技大有學問在云云演畢旋由陳公哲君演講幻燈凡數百幅逐片演講約一時久初影霍元甲先生像霍君為北方力士七世家傳絕技及至霍抱傳世宗旨嘗曰吾技公之全國雖死無憾會禁衞軍教師某與霍比賽霍勝之名大噪至有黃面虎徽號光緒末滬上有某國力士登廣告邀華人賽武霍始至滬而某力士乃避去霍乃在滬組織精武體操會（體育會之始名）是時何劍吳君在滬上與黃杰三君等組立人鏡學社因是滬上團體紛紛組立煒昌君所組者曰扶進學社公哲君所組者曰振羣學社也諸社雖分立而精神實一貫至是而體操會出現各會員紛紛投入遂實行合一矣會址初在閘北王家宅會長為留日學生農竹君技術主任則霍也詎開辦不數月霍君為小人國所忌以醫藥置之死繼霍者為劉趙兩教員是時盧陳姚三君入會未幾力以會務自任日與教員謀增進方法統合各派苦心經營凡閱數年始克就緒是時毀者方盛經費亦絀三君雖富家子然矢志不欲妄用其父兄所有之一錢祇日以一己職務之所入供心志上之所運用而已（按三君皆少年積有學問通中西文盧君且充某行英文書記兼新瑞祥司理十年前曾辦一廣智學校年終常典質衣服以供校費）是時會中已漸講求體育之事添聘張富猶趙連和為教員復以會所狹窄會員衆多（初辦時僅六十餘人至是已二百餘人云）遂於宣統三年租上海閘北商團舊址為會所舉袁恆之君為會長（按斯會創立十年備受中西人士歡迎其中提倡贊助大有人在歷年會長為袁恆之朱慶瀾聶雲台王閣臣之數君者或頻年捐資或熱誠提挈而尤以袁君為最有毅力聞當技擊成效未著時各界之抨擊甚力袁君獨能力排衆議除每年資助外毅然挈其幼孫入會練習今滬會基礎確定廣東新會現亦告成非袁君之力不至此吾粵多材諒不乏袁君其人為之執鞭所欣慕也）刻日遷往並改定會名是時盧陳姚各君已告畢業（是為初次畢業迄今凡畢業六次）是年增設兵式操袁君任教練長又設音樂會及種種之游戲冬月各會員赴雪地脫衣臥處或以雪製人以驗身體之耐寒又列破靴陣以爛靴多少驗人之勤惰及民國二年以編輯技術須賴影片添設攝學部先組和興影相公司以為攝學機關而學日進公哲君且有測光捷徑一書行世（是書經英國攝學會評定）會中所有影片皆會員手製是年旅行男會員有影得西湖三潭夕照者極為中西人士所贊賞適漢口精武會成立陳列此圖竟為某君以數百金售去該會乃將此款捐送漢口新會又有女會員影蘇臺煙景會員中二十餘人考獲第一此部主任為葉向榮及陳公哲君也凡會員入會必將體格影存至畢業復影以為比較有由瘦而肥者有由肥而瘦者如鄭灼辰劉扆臣等其形神宛然在目此外尚有演技種種之影片演講頗多續演新會所一片是年滬上風災會所傾塌陳盧姚三君乃祕密籌建會所歷一年始成聞陳乃獻其自有之花園餘地凡九畝又續購十六畝連建築共費數萬金建成後布置已妥始告知會員卽日遷移咸共驚為鬼斧神工會址在倍開爾路地屬租界得工部局允許免照會（聞初請注册時各西人疑慮不允嗣由局長親行察視大表歡迎不特允免照會且捐款助之並任令會員購置器械在會練習）會員益衆直達五百餘人教員凡三十餘人且受各界獎勵金牌多件是年辦高等畢業陳盧姚三君及寧竹亭邱亮黎惠生劉扆臣均列優等嗣復改良其教授編為教科當地各學校聘請該會員任教授者凡三十餘校又增設女子模範團（廣東官立女子師範及坤維女子師範體操教員潘君亦該會會員也）大江南北各學校聘該會男女會員任教授而稱弟子者約數萬人上海中華基督教會建之靑年會及紗廠德大恆豐厚生各廠員商務印書館工界靑年勵志社均向該會聘請教授該會每月必召集會員所教授之各團各校生徒開大操一次數常逾千人均由一人發口令畫一操演至兵式操初辦時僅二十餘人近已增三倍鄭灼辰君主任教練兩年畢業復設音業部粵樂京樂西樂各隊又有網球足球籃球各等天鐸報記者陳鐵生入會後復設臨池會專臨各名家字跡男女會員共四十餘人復有安步團規約每日六點半鐘在滬外大橋會集步行約七八里到會過時處罰滿一年不犯者獎金牌復有勵志團規約益嚴所有罰款卽充獎勵及會餐之用又設圖畫部主任者為沈伯誠周柏生又設中英文夜學英文主任為周錫三梁麗藻中文主任為羅伯夔醫學部演講衞生主任為林錦華湯節之所有教授皆任義務會員除會費外各種學術均不收費會員制服有豹皮衣革靴表現身體之雄壯及肌肉之發達其操衣用愛國布灰色對襟通明紐連環扣其用意有三（一）示儉（指布）（二）示勤（指通明紐連環扣）（三）脫離賣藝裝戲裝及洋式裝經評議部選定懸賞有再良者獎百元無異議者故至今不改近年復設編輯部將各種藝術編成書籍現出版者七種關於技擊者五潭腿十二路挂圖達摩劍潭腿合戰五虎槍關於會務及別種學科者二精武測光捷徑此外技擊對手術指揮刀相搏術刺刀與刺刀對手術各種方著手編輯云及民國七年漢口勞用宏君以該會原定宗旨志在普及全國其推行次序先漢口次廣東因遂發起組織漢口精武會是年成立會所設歆生路會長為唐善磋君唐君為漢口殷商歷辦社會慈善事業極有名譽故成立極速是年冬吾粵福軍技擊團慕精武會之技術派員赴滬求名師該會乃派技擊教員葉鳳岐君及會員楊琛倫君立行趁輪來粵施教授兩君日與吾粵各技師習處異常融洽且互相敬禮因遂詳知該會之內容八年一月李使乃函邀派員回粵組立廣東一會該會乃派出陳鐵生君來粵組織卽推定李鎭使魏處長陳廉伯君等為發起人刻日成立復發電往滬報告該會卽日開董事大會推舉陳盧姚三君偕同教員李蓮村君會員連均度君等十餘人至粵瀕行時該會全體開歡迎大會為之慶祝幻燈演影至此已至夜深尚有多片未及演影止以該會元祖霍君像復行影出以示不忘功首之意遂宣告終演旋開技擊會堂上會員及生徒凡數千人每演一藝掌聲如雷至十一時半茶會始散翌日（十六日）省立女子師範學校以各生已受精武所教授之潘君教育備極仰慕卽派校員齎函邀請盧陳各君赴該校歡迎大會盧君等原定是日夜船赴港返滬因強留一日屆是午該校全體學生六百餘人集大堂環立以俟先行師生相見禮旋由校長陶季孫宣告開會理由次各學生唱歡迎歌又次請盧君登座訓勉各生盧君演說以該校肄習技擊將及經年故所演各詞均係技中精義復再諄諄勉勵勗以毅力俾成大器凡千數百言演畢乃令潘教員率各生演操法於是潘君發令棍棒隊全體出操棍棒備極嫻熟復令技擊隊出操潭腿自一路至六路有條不紊均極可觀每操一路盧君各加評語並逐節講解或於稍有欠缺處細為指點蓋以教者為蘇州人恐言語上或有未達故也操畢教師葉鳳岐李占風等亦各演潭腿一路演法頗緩手足伸張處歷歷有聲蓋以便諸生之易於領會也演畢盧君復詳細解釋然後各教員及會員分演各種拳術及槍刀劍合戰各技全體同拍一照茶會乃散時已五鐘云
The three pillars of the Shanghai Jingwu Athletic Association – Chen Gongzhe, Lu Weichang, and Yao Chanbo – have just headed back to Shanghai after founding the Guangdong Jingwu Athletic Association. While here, they were eagerly welcomed by people of all circles and repeatedly told reporters that the fervent hope of the Jingwu Association is to greatly benefit not only individual bodies, but also have an enormous effect on society in general and the nation as a whole. Reporters tirelessly took notes about all that occurred to keep readers up to date, keeping the newspapers very busy.
　　Yesterday, the 15th, the Business Group held a grand welcoming celebration for them. In the afternoon, various directors from the Guangdong Girls’ Athletic School held another welcoming celebration for them, while in the entire staff of the Business Group was at the same time setting up a banquet that would take place afterward. A carriage escorted eight gentlemen – Chen Gongzhe, Lu Weichang, Huang Hanjia, Ye Fengqi, Li Liancun, Yang Chenlun, Shen Jixiu, and Lian Jundu – to the welcoming party at the school, where they spent three hours.
　　To finish that event, Lu Weichang gave a speech discussing physiological function, encouragement of women, getting rid of bad habits, and giving attention to physical education in order to enhance the mind and fulfill the potential of one’s talents rather than serving no purpose in the world. He spoke a great deal, simple words, deep ideas, sparking thought in all of the more than a thousand people there. There were then several concluding performances of martial skills, after which the guests dispersed.
　　The eight men were then rushed back for the Business Group’s banquet, where they were met joyously, but they could not stay very long because they were shortly after expected at the Guangdong Province Educational Association, near enough that they proceeded to it on foot. It was already 8pm and the hall there was filled with over a thousand people. Jin Xiangfan [Cengcheng], president of the Educational Association, then stood and announced the mission of the Jingwu Association, the importance of physical education, the success of the methods of these Jingwu gentlemen, and how much they deserve a grand welcome.
　　Then Lu Weichang was invited to give a speech, in which he said: “Martial arts training is not only for strengthening the body, but can also develop the mind, drain away impurities, cleanse the blood, all of which calms the temperament, making it a fundamental means of moral cultivation. Because it focuses on the three components of essence, energy, and spirit, it is a pure skill and full of wisdom.”
　　Chen Gongzhe then gave a slide-show lecture which involved hundreds of slides over the course of almost an hour. The first slide was an image Huo Yuanjia. Huo was a fighter from the north who was a seventh-generation inheritor of his family’s unique art, which he then intended to pass on to the world. He once said: “I will share my art with the whole nation, and thus I will be able to die without regrets.” A certain instructor to the imperial guards once challenged Huo to a match. Huo won, which made him famous, and he became known as the “yellow-faced tiger”.
　　During the final year of the reign of the Emperor Guangxu [1908], there was a certain foreign strong man in Shanghai who was advertising that he was challenging Chinese people to fight him. Huo came to Shanghai to face him and the man fled. Now that he was in Shanghai, Huo then formed the Jingwu Calisthenics Association (the original name of the Jingwu Athletic Association). At that time, He Jianwu was also in Shanghai and, together with Huang Jiesan and others, formed the Set-an-Example Society. Similar organizations formed in Shanghai one after another. Lu Weichang formed the Supporting Progress Society and Chen Gongzhe formed the Rouse-the-Masses Society. Although these organizations were formed separately, they all had the same idea in mind. With the emergence of the Jingwu Association, members from the various other organizations joined in rapid succession, coming together for the same cause.
　　The Jingwu Association was originally located in the Wang Family Neighborhood in the Zhabei District. Presiding over it at the time was long-time student Nong Zhu, who was made martial arts director. But then suddenly, just a few months after opening, Huo became resented by the Japanese, who used medicine to poison him. Carrying on from Huo were two instructors, Liu Zhensheng and Zhao Hanjie. At that time, Lu Weichang, Chen Gongzhe, and Yao Chanbo had just joined, but were soonafter taking charge of its affairs, consulting daily with the instructors, improving methods, integrating styles, and taking extra pains to manage the Jingwu Association. After a few years, everything was at last running smoothly.
　　And then it was smashed [by a typhoon]. Funds were insufficient to rebuild. Although these three gentlemen came from wealthy families, they swore they would never take so much as a single coin from their fathers or brothers, determined only to use money that they had made for themselves. (In their youth, they had each received a good education, studying both Chinese and English. With his qualifications, Lu was hired as an English language secretary and then found himself in charge of running New Luck Hardware. Ten years before, he had been pawning his clothes at the end of each year of his university education to pay for the next year’s tuition.)
　　At that time, the Jingwu Association had been emphasizing more physical education, hiring Zhang Fuyou and Zhao Lianhe as additional instructors. But the space became too small for the increasing number of members (going from only about sixty people in the beginning to more than two hundred), so in the third year of the reign of Emperor Xuantong [i.e. 1911], they leased the former site of the Business Group in the Zhabei District of Shanghai to be the new location of the Jingwu Association and appointed Yuan Hengzhi as president.
　　(Since the Jingwu Association was founded ten years ago, it has welcomed guests both Chinese and Western, and has had no shortage of encouragement and support. The position of president over the years has gone to Yuan Hengzhi, Zhu Qinglan, Nie Yuntai, and Wang Gechen. They have made contributions of their own money each year and have guided the Jingwu Association with devotion, but it is Yuan who has had the most stamina. Whenever martial arts get reviled as being ineffective, strongly criticized by people from any walk of life, it is Yuan alone who is able to convince them otherwise. He not only donates money every year to the Jingwu Association, he also insists that his own children and grandchildren train there. The Shanghai Jingwu Association has built a solid foundation and the new branch in Guangdong has been now completed, and these things would not have been achieved if it were not for Yuan’s energy. Among us Cantonese are many talented people, plenty of whom are just like Yuan – those whom we admire for cracking the whip.)
　　On that same day, the name was changed to “Athletic Association”. Soon after [in the autumn of 1912], Lu, Chen, and Yao had graduated [at the beginner level]. (That was the first graduation ceremony. There have now been six.) During that year, a course in army drill was added, with Yuan as the head instructor, as well as courses in music and various kinds of recreation. During that December, various members went outside, took off most of their clothes, and laid down in the snow, some even making snowmen, in order to test how resistant their bodies are to cold. They also arranged their worn-out boots into a formation in order to show how hardworking they have been.
　　In 1913, it was decided that the compiling of martial arts requires making a record of them on film, and thus a photography department was established. First the Rising Harmony Photography Company was formed in order to make daily progress in the study of photographic equipment. Chen Gongzhe has since produced the well-known book Shortcuts for Calculating Exposure (a book that has been tested and approved by the British Photographic Society), and the Jingwu Association has now even produced a movie, which members made by themselves.
　　During a yearly excursion, a member who is male [Chen Gongzhe himself] made the photograph “Three Pools at Sunset on West Lake”, which has been greatly admired by Chinese people and Westerners alike. When the Hankou Jingwu Association was being established, this photograph was on display and ended up being bought by a certain gentlemen for hundreds of gold yuan. The Shanghai Association then sent this money as a donation to the new Hankou Association. Another photograph, called “Mist Over Sutai”, was made by a member who is female [Chen Shichao, Gongzhe’s sister]. More than twenty members vied to be the first to obtain a print of this photograph.
　　The directors of this department are Ye Xiangrong and Chen Gongzhe. When members join the Jingwu Association, they have to have a photo taken of their physique, and then another one when they graduate, in order to compare the before-and-after of whether one has gone from skinny to fat or fat to skinny, such as is the case for Zheng Zhuochen and Liu Yichen respectively, who seem to have transformed in both body and spirit right before our eyes. There is now also film footage of various martial performances, of speeches, and of the new location.
　　That year in Shanghai, the Jingwu Association collapsed due to a typhoon. Chen, Lu, and Yao then secretly had a new building constructed, which took almost a year to finish. Chen had offered his own nine-acre flower garden, purchasing an additional sixteen acres, on which to build it. Construction cost tens of thousands of gold yuan, and once it was completed, it was decorated appropriately. On the very day that the members were told about it, the space was ready for them to move their training into it, and they were all of them amazed by the superlative workmanship.
　　The Jingwu Association is now located on Baikal Road, within the Foreign Concession, having obtained written permission from the Ministry of Works. (Several Westerners at first would not give their consent, but then the head of the Ministry took a look at the Jingwu Association for himself and greatly welcomed it. Not only was permission given, but also a helpful donation, enabling members to purchase more training weapons.) Membership increased to more than five hundred people, there were more than thirty instructors, and the Jingwu Association received many awards from people in various circles.
　　During that year [1916], there were finally graduates at the advanced level: Chen, Lu, and Yao, as well as Ning Zhuting, Qiu Liang, Li Huisheng, and Liu Yichen, who all have first-rate skills. The quality of instruction subsequently improved, and then various educational institutions began hiring members to teach on their premises, until there are now more than thirty schools where instruction is being given. The Exemplary Women Team was also established. (The calisthenics instructor at the Guangdong Women’s Normal School and the Kunwei Women’s Normal School is Jingwu Association member Pan Shenglian.)
　　Schools both north and south of the Yanzte River have hired instructors from the Jingwu Association, both male and female, who have since taught more than tens of thousands of students. This includes other organizations, such as the Shanghai YMCA, built by the Chinese Christian Church, as well as the Great Virtue Cotton Mill, Lasting Abundance Cotton Mill, and Better Living Cotton Mill, and the Encouraging-the-Workers’-Children Association of the Commercial Press, which have all hired Jingwu Association instructors. Once a month, students from the various organizations and schools which are receiving instruction gather to exercise as a large group. Often there are more than a thousand people being led by the commands of one person, making it a standardized exercise.
　　As for the army drill unit, it began with just over twenty people, but that number has now tripled. The director is Zheng Zhuochen. Students graduate from this course after two years of instruction. A music department has also been established, offering classes in Cantonese opera, Beijing opera, and Western music. There is also tennis, soccer, basketball, and various other recreations. After Chen Tiesheng, a reporter for the Heavenly Clarion Newspaper, joined the Jingwu Association, a calligraphy class was established, focusing on emulating the handwriting of various famous calligraphers. There are altogether more than forty people in this class, both men and women.
　　Then there is the Walking Club, which meets every day at 6:30am at the Hongkou Steel Bridge at the outer edge of Shanghai [i.e. where central Shanghai bordered the Foreign Concession], and from there walks over two miles to the Jingwu Association. Anyone who is late is penalized with a fine, but a gold medal is awarded for going a full year without missing a day. There is also the Encouragement Club. Its very strict system of fines serves to fund the making of awards for its members, as well as group dinners.
　　There is a drawing and painting class, for which the directors are Shen Bocheng and Zhou Bosheng. There are Chinese and English language night classes, for which the English language directors are Zhou Xisan and Liang Lizao, and the Chinese language director is Luo Bokui. There is a medicine class, giving lectures on hygiene, for which the directors are Lin Jinhua and Tang Jiezhi. Instructors in all courses each have their individual duties. Beyond membership fees, members do not have to pay additional fees to take any of the courses that are offered.
　　The outfits of leopard skin and leather boots display the body’s robustness and muscular development. The standard member uniforms are made of “patriotic cloth” dyed gray with the frog buttons in the “neatly threading” arrangement of interlinking buttons. These uniforms fulfill three functions: 1. The cloth used shows frugality. 2. The interlinking buttons shows meticulousness. 3. The uniform looks distinct from both the costumes of theatrical performers and the fashions of Westerners. We considered many designs before making our final selection, awarding a 100 yuan for the best design. This design was chosen unanimously and has not been changed to this day.
　　In recent years, an editorial department has been established in order to put various arts into book form. There have been seven publications so far, five on martial arts sets (a Twelve-Line Tantui wall-hanging, Damo Sword, Tantui, Cooperative Fight, and Fifth Tiger’s Spear) and two others, one showcasing the Jingwu Association itself (called simply Jingwu), the other addressing a particular field of study [photography] (Shortcuts for Calculating Exposure). There are various other books in the works, such as Hand-to-Hand Combat, Officer’s Saber at Close Quarters, Bayonet Versus Bayonet, and so on.
　　In 1918, Lao Yonghong of Hankou adopted the Jingwu Association’s goal of spreading these arts throughout the nation and promoted for there to be a branch location in Hankou, followed by another in Guangdong. He sponsored the forming of the Hankou Jingwu Association, which was then established on Yinsheng Road. Tang Shancuo was made its president. Tang is famous for his philanthropy to the Hankou Shang Dynasty Historical Society, and therefore this branch of the Jingwu Association was established very quickly.
　　During the winter of that year, our own Cantonese martial arts team, run by Li Fulin, so admired the martial arts of the Jingwu Association that they sent representatives to Shanghai to seek Jingwu instructors. The Jingwu Association then sent martial arts instructor Ye Fengqi and member Yang Chenlun by steamship to Guangdong to teach. These two gentlemen trained with our most talented practitioners every day, treating them with extraordinary camaraderie and respect, until they had a detailed understanding of the Jingwu material.
　　In Jan, 1919, Li Fulin sent a letter inviting Jingwu staff to Guangdong to form a Guangdong branch. The Shanghai Jingwu Association sent Chen Tiesheng, who then nominated Li Fulin, Wei Bangping, and Chen Lianbo as sponsors for the project, and the new branch was established that very day. Chen then sent a telegram reporting back to Shanghai. The directors there immediately held a conference, in which they selected Chen Gongzhe, Lu Weichang, and Yao Chanbo, accompanied by instructor Li Liancun and member Lian Jundu, and so on, some dozen people altogether, to go to Guangdong.
　　There was a welcoming celebration held for this entire group, who then gave their slide-show presentation which lasted late into the evening with still more slides left to be shown when it was time to stop. One last special image was shown, of Jingwu founder Huo Yuanjia, in order to express that his achievements will never be forgotten. It was then declared that it was time for the martial arts performances. Thousands of members and students filled that space to watch. The performances, each of which brought thunderous applause, went on until 11:30pm, after which tea was served, and then everyone dispersed.
　　The next day (the 16th), the students of the Guangdong Women’s Normal School received Jingwu instructor Pan Shenglian, and were full of admiration for her teachings. They then sent a staff member to give a letter to Lu Weichang and Chen Gongzhe to invite them to a welcoming celebration. Lu had originally planned on spending that evening going to Hong Kong in order to return to Shanghai, but because it was insisted that he stay an extra day, he instead went that afternoon to their school, where the entire student body, numbering more than six hundred, filled the main hall. They stood and awaited him, looking upon him with great respect. The school principal Tao Jisun announced the reason for this gathering and then the students sang a song of welcome.
　　Lu was asked to give some encouragement to the students, so he gave a speech about how the practice of martial arts in this school will affect them for many years to come. Every word of his speech was concerned with the essentials of martial arts, and then finally he gave them earnest encouragement, urging them to have the stamina to develop extraordinary skill. After finishing his many words, he called upon Pan to drill the students, and so she ordered a team of students to perform, showing themselves to be highly skilled with staffs.
　　She then ordered the martial arts team to perform the first six lines of Tantui, which they did methodically and impressively. For each line, Lu added a few comments and gave a few pointers where there were shortcomings, although because Pan is from Suzhou, Lu’s accent might have rendered some of his remarks meaningless. After these performances, instructors Ye Fengqi and Li Zhanfeng each gave an in-depth demonstration of the first line of Tantui, moving slowly and fully extending their arms and legs for the greatest clarity in order for the students to get to see exactly what they showing. Lu then gave a detailed explanation of the training, which was followed by performances of various boxing sets, as well as spear, saber, and sets, and Cooperative Fight, each of which received unanimous applause. At 5pm, tea was served and everyone dispersed.

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開會前後情形除華字各報登載外英文時報亦逐日刋登致沙面洋人亦來邀請本會會員到租界表演武術以無暇分身脫婉辭却之
Beyond the circumstances of the event being recorded in Chinese publications, it was also reported in the English-language newspaper The Times. Foreigners then also invited Jingwu members to demonstrate martial arts in the Foreign Concession. Unfortunately they had to decline because there was no time left in their schedule. The Times article is shown below:

摘錄廣東英文時報紀載如下
Clipping from a Guangdong English-language newspaper [The Times]:

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十七早公哲煒昌漢佳取道香港回申火車七時開行十一時抵港寄寓大東旅館卽至香港精武會籌備處見余筱常阮文邨二君商榷進行辦法據阮君言中華游樂會已因此事開會該職會員等無不贊成祇以無適當地點（該會除辦事房外尚有足球及網球場地段為西人所送擬卽就餘地建築技擊場又苦無從籌措經費）一時未及開辦且香港全埠均屬外人治下手續與省城不同尤難急切進行舊歲趙甫臣君阮文邨君余筱常君除請本會教員授藝外經疊向各界要人籌商都緣以上窒礙致會所迄未成立然本會宗旨未明亦為進行障礙之一當卽約同各同志幷韋寶珊君張心蕪君之公子輩（均嫻技擊亦係北派）到籌備處開演幻燈將本會宗旨辦法及前途希望詳述無遺各人始明本會眞相演畢幷相約上樓頂隙地演技賓主挨次表演各展所長歡洽情形筆難覼縷張君等討論此事直至夜半一時許始興辭亦可測其中心之嚮往矣翌日二十一日公哲煒昌面謁韋君寶珊韋君年屆古稀精氣逼人（韋家屢代均嫻技擊其精英狀態殆厚承種性遺傳之結果也）所譚多中肯語其主張無不與本會所行者絲絲入扣復本其積年閱歷為一般靑年痛下針砭殊令人相見恨晚也瀕行承贈相片多幀本會亦以精武圖說相贈幷重託其提挈進行俾精武基礎早固以慰各同志之渴望是午四時趁廣大輪船返滬
公哲煒昌旣離粵留鐵生在羊城辦理會事鐵生迺至會董簡琴石君處籌商會址簡君謂魏處長已指定東較場先農壇附近地點為最適宜擬卽備價購定然建築需時非先擇地開辦不可卽日添舉各界人為臨時幹事以利進行擇錄七十二行商報如下
On the morning of the 17th, Chen Gongzhe, Lu Weichang, and Huang Hanjia went via Hong Kong to return to Shanghai, their train leaving Guangzhou at 7am and arriving in Hong Kong at 11am. After obtaining lodging at the Great East Hotel, they went to the Hong Kong Jingwu Association to meet with Yu Xiaochang and Ruan Wencun and discuss with them methods of moving forward.
　　Ruan said: “The Chinese Recreation Club just held a meeting about the opening of a Guangzhou Jingwu branch. All the members support the idea, but they think there isn’t a good site for it there. (Apart from a main office, there ought to also be a soccer field, tennis court, and so on, for all the sports that Westerners that imported, which would leave insufficient funds to even construct facilities for martial arts practice.) There’s also no way this branch can be opened in a short time. Because the whole of Hong Kong is under foreign rule, the bureaucracy’s pretty efficient here, but it’ll be very difficult to get things done quickly in Guangzhou.”
　　Old Zhao Fuchen, together with Ruan Wencun and Yu Xiaochang, not only invited Jingwu Association instructors to teach their skills, but also important people from all walks of life to discuss everything that might obstruct the branch from being established. One source of hindrance to progress is that the purpose of the branch had not yet been made clear. They were then joined by various comrades, as well as Wei Baoshan [known as Sir Boshan Wei Yuk] and Zhang Xinwu’s son (who is adept at the northern styles of martial arts), and all went to the preparatory office to give their slide show.
　　This presentation explained in detail the Jingwu Association’s purpose, curriculum, and future plans so that everyone would understood the true facts. They then decided to go up to the rooftop to perform their skills, each demonstrating his specialties. The camaraderie of the occasion is difficult to describe in words. They then continued to discuss the matter, not leaving until well after midnight, showing their tremendous focus for this project.
　　On the 21st, Chen Gongzhe and Lu Weichang went to visit Wei Baoshan, who even at the age of seventy was still full of vitality. (Many generations of the Wei family have been skilled at martial arts, with the result that their fullness of spirit usually gets passed down to the next generation.) They talked a great deal on the matter. He supported these Jingwu promoters in every detail, and then based on his many years of experience, he described it as a medicine for the troubles of ordinary young people, how wasting one’s youth was a particular cause of regret for so many.
　　Right before they left on their journey, he gave them many photographs as a gift, and they in turn also gave him a gift of Jingwu manuals [probably the Damo Sword and Tantui books]. Having great faith in his advice, they felt sure the foundations of the new location would soon be laid, a comfort they had been longing for. At 4pm, they left on a large steamship back to Shanghai.
　　When Chen Gongzhe and Lu Weichang left Guangdong, Chen Tiesheng remained in Guangzhou to handle Jingwu Association affairs. He went to director Jian Qinshi to discuss where the site should be. Jian told him that Wei Bangping [head of the Guangzhou Police Department] had already suggested a site in the eastern part of city, near the Temple of Agriculture, as being the most suitable. They began planning for the funding, but there could not be scheduling of construction until they had first settled on a site. They also daily increased the number of provisional secretaries, drawing from people of all walks of life, in order to progress more efficiently, as is recounted in this short piece from All Businesses Bulletin below:

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▲精武體育會添舉臨時幹事（四月十八日）
“Jingwu Athletic Association Adds Provisional Secretaries” (April 18)

昨午廣東精武體育會假座糧食救濟會開第二次職員會決定添舉臨時幹事多人分部任事茲將各部銜名列下
Yesterday at noon, the Guangdong Jingwu Athletic Association borrowed the space of the Grain Relief Association to commence their second staff member gathering, in which they resolved to add many provisional secretaries in various roles. The names in each of these appointments are listed below:
臨時幹事長　簡琴石
Provisional head secretary: Jian Qinshi
總務　楊達三　熊長卿　陳益南　何劍吳　李芝畦　李戒欺　黃礪海　黃漢榮　胡沛雲　霍公拔
General-affairs secretaries: Yang Dasan, Xiong Changqing, Chen Yinan, He Jianwu, Li Zhiqi, Li Jieqi, Huang Lihai, Huang Hanrong, Hu Peiyun, Huo Gongba
財政　陳廉伯　黃鷺塘　屈湘萍
Finance secretaries: Chen Lianbo, Huang Lutang, Qu Xiangping
文牘　羅嘯璈　梁孝魯　許逈凡
Correspondence secretaries: Luo Xiao’ao, Liang Xiaolu, Xu Jiongfan
庶務　黃煥庭　郭仙洲　陳兆均　蔡劍泉
Business-affairs secretaries: Huang Huanting, Guo Xianzhou, Chen Zhaojun, Cai Jianquan

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翌日鐵生偕羅嘯璈黃礪海郭仙舟黃煥庭諸君出覓合宜之房屋適以霪雨連綿而煥庭仙舟嘯璈礪海諸君三日冒雨而行熱心毅力將來粵會之發達卽此可卜矣二十日租定新城賢樂里二十五號巨室為暫時會所二十一日會員沈季修楊琛倫教員李占風葉鳳岐等由海幢寺精武籌備處遷入賢樂里二十五號粵會由是確定二十二日鐵生遂趁綏陽船回申留沈季修在粵為技擊主任以楊琛倫副之教員則有葉鳳岐李占風二員常川駐會將來粵東精武會辦事分為三部一董事部如發起人李福林魏邦平簡琴石簡照南金曾澄楊梅賓及各界熱心贊助者莫榮新翟汪林虎李烈鈞諸君子任之幹事部則如羅嘯璈郭仙舟黃礪海黃煥庭等曁幹事諸君子任之至技擊一部則由上海旅駐粵會會員沈季修楊琛倫主任教授則由葉鳳岐李占風任之仍受上海本會節制也特錄七十二行商報以見一斑
The day after this article was written, Chen Tiesheng, accompanied by Luo Xiao’ao, Huang Lihai, Guo Xianzhou, and Huang Huanting, went hunting for a suitable building. Due to heavy rainfall, they subsequently spent three days walking in the rain in their quest, exhibiting an enthusiasm which bodes well for the future of the Guangdong Jingwu Association.
　　On the 20th, they rented some mansion space at #25 Xianle Village, in the Newtown area, to be a temporary meeting site.
　　On the 21st, members Shen Jixiu and Yang Chenlun, with instructors Li Zhanfeng and Ye Fengqi, relocated the Jingwu preparatory office from the Hoi Tong Temple into #25 Xianle Village, and the Guangdong Jingwu Association was then managed from there.
　　On the 22nd, Chen Tiesheng took advantage of the fact that Shen Jixiu had missed his boat back to Shanghai. Instead of traveling on the vessel Suiyang, Shen was now made martial arts director of the Guangdong Jingwu Association. Yang Chenlun was appointed as vice director. Ye Fengqi and Li Zhanfeng were appointed as instructors, since both men were already constant visitors there.
　　The managing of affairs at the Guangdong Jingwu Association was then divided into three sections:
　　1. Directors: sponsors Li Fulin, Wei Bangping, Jian Qinshi, Jian Zhaonan, Jin Cengcheng, and Yang Meibin, as well as enthusiastic support coming from people in various circles, such as Mo Rongxin, Zhai Wang, Lin Hu, and Li Liejun.
　　2. Management: Luo Xiao’ao, Guo Xianzhou, Huang Lihai, and Huang Huanting.
　　3. Martial arts: members Shen Jixiu and Yang Chenlun, who had traveled from Shanghai to the Guangdong Jingwu Association, as well as instructors Ye Fengqi and Li Zhanfeng, who continue to receive their instructions from the original Shanghai Jingwu Association.
　　Below is an additional record of the process from All Businesses Bulletin:

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▲精武體育會不日開辦（四月二十一日）
“Jingwu Athletic Association to Open Soon” (April 21)

廣東精武體育會宣告成立後昨日已租定太平門內賢樂里二十五號之大屋為暫時辦事地點卽日遷進刻期開辦除陳盧姚等事畢遄返上海外其派駐廣東辦理會事者會員為沈季修楊琛倫教員為葉鳳岐李占風等協同粵會各幹事擔任辦理不日刋發章程定期開辦云
After the announcement of the establishing of a Guangdong Jingwu Athletic Association, the Jingwu representatives yesterday rented a space just past Tranquility Gate, in a mansion at #25 Xianle Village, to serve as a temporary site for conducting affairs. In a few days, they will finally set a date to open the Guangdong Jingwu branch. Apart from Chen Gongzhe, Lu Weichang, Yao Chanbo, who have to hurry back to Shanghai, those who will stay in Guangdong to fulfill this task are members Shen Jixiu and Yang Chenlun, as well as instructors Ye Fengqi and Li Zhanfeng. Coordinating with the Guangdong Jingwu Association’s secretaries-in-charge, they will within the next few days have a constitution printed and then fix a date to open.

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綜計此次廣東精武會之成立初由李君福林竭力提倡而楊君達三實佐之復有老會董簡琴石一力肩承商界之楊梅賓陳廉伯黃礪海郭仙舟諸君報界羅嘯璈陳蘿生諸君政界之林森譚學衡諸君軍界之林虎卓仁機諸君警界之魏邦平陳恭受諸君學界之何劍吳金曾澄諸君皆具非常熱力乃有此如荼如火之見象然而粵會諸君子之力任不辭正以見其不肯放棄國民一分子之天職邦人君子能弗讓粵會專美於前是則同人所最希望者也
抑更有進者公哲煒昌於二十五日抵滬後接晤馬鎭守使代表那遂興君與天津武士會代表盧夢顏君知北方亦積極提倡斯道擬合各界全力進行以研究其妥善辦法先以武術撮入幻影幷籌辦武術報藉以煥起內地各界人士注意一面遍設武術傳習所謀統一武術教授法天津方面亟欲組織精武分會以資策應惜粵會組織同人等已過耗時日此刻萬難分身極盻會衆急謀有以促此事之實行也
The establishing of the Guangdong Jingwu Association is primarily due to Li Fulin, who has done his utmost to promote it, Yang Dasan, who has provided substantial assistance, and Jian Qinshi, one of the directors of the original location, who has done his very best to help shoulder the burden. Contributors from business circles are: Yang Meibin, Chen Lianbo, Huang Lihai, Guo and Xianzhou; from the press: Luo Xiao’ao, Chen Luosheng, Lin Sen, Tan Xueheng, Lin Hu, and Zhuo Renji; from police circles: Wei Bangping and Chen Gongshou; and from academic circles: He Jianwu and Jin Cengcheng. These people are all full of enthusiasm, as spirited as a raging fire.
　　The gentlemen of the Guangdong Jingwu Association are uncomplaining about the effort that their duties require, unwilling to shirk any part of their duty to the citizenry. Their greatest hope is that their fellow countrymen will be able to keep themselves from heaping every bit of the praise for this kind of work onto the Guangdong Jingwu Association alone [when there are also other organizations working toward the same goal].
　　Further progress came from Chen Gongzhe and Lu Weichang, who arrived in Shanghai on the 25th. They met with Nuo Suixing, representative from provincial garrison commander Ma Lin, and Lu Mengyan, representative from the Warriors Association of Tianjin, aware that northerners are also vigorously promoting these arts, adapting such exercise for people of all walks of life, wholeheartedly going forth to research the most appropriate methods.
　　Priority has been given to martial arts, with martial arts periodicals being produced in order to illuminate everyone throughout the nation. Martial arts seminars are being held everywhere for the purpose of unifying martial arts teaching methods. The people of Tianjin are particularly anxious to form a Jingwu branch there in order to support this grand scheme, but unfortunately with the organizing of the Guangdong branch keeping so many colleagues busy, it was not yet possible find any spare time to attend to the forming of further branches, though it is greatly hoped that members will urgently find a way to bring those projects to fruition as well.

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攝於廣東精武會提倡者李福林君之府第
Photo of the promoters of the Guangdong Jingwu Association, taken at Li Fulin’s mansion:

第二行中坐者李福林君
Li Fulin is seated center, second row.
第一行席地之第二及第五人為李福林君之少君年均六七齡　皆嫻習技擊
Seated second and fifth in the first row on the ground are Li Fulin’s sons, age six and seven, both of whom are skillful in martial arts.

–

攝於先施公司之最上層
Photo of main corporate benefactors:

[from right to left]:
一　黃漢佳
1. Huang Hanjia
二　姚蟾伯
2. Yao Chanbo
三　林虎
3. Lin Hu
四　陳公哲
4. Chen Gongzhe
五　盧煒昌
5. Lu Weichang
六　卓仁機
6. Zhuo Renji
七　陳鐵生
7. Chen Tiesheng
八　郭唯一
8. Guo Weiyi
九　李明揚
9. Li Mingyang

–

謁黃花崗七十二烈士墓
Visiting the Grave of the Seventy-Martyrs of the Second Guangzhou Uprising:

上排
Upper row [right to left]:
一　林森
1. Lin Sen
二　盧煒昌
2. Lu Weichang
三　陳鐵生
3. Chen Tiesheng
四　姚蟾伯
4. Yao Chanbo
五　陳公哲
5. Chen Gongzhe
下排
Lower row [right to left]:
一　黃漢佳
1. Huang Hanjia
二　卓仁機
2. Zhuo Renji
三　郭唯一
3. Guo Weiyi
四　羅嘯璈
4. Luo Xiao’ao

–

☉粵行攝影
PHOTOS OF ACTIVITY IN GUANGDONG

公哲奉派回粵開辦廣東精武體育會謹將當時事實攝留影象復呈諸君一覽
民國八年四月陳公哲記
I was sent to Guangdong to help open the Guangdong Jingwu Athletic Association. I sincerely present for you all a glimpse of events through these photos.
　　- Chen Gongzhe, April, 1919

商團歡迎會攝影
Three photos from the Business Society’s welcoming:

（一）為商團團員黃鷺塘趙秀石等及本會會員曁李福林鎭守使魏邦平處長
Photo 1 – Business Society members Huang Lutang and Zhao Xiushi, as well as members of the Jingwu Association, and also provincial garrison commander Li Fulin and head of [police] department Wei Bangping:

（二）為演武台及商團集合場前之彩棚
Photo 2 [oval photo] – performing martial arts under a tent in front of the Merchants Society,
（三）為歡迎會之正面來賓座位
Photo 3 [rectangular photo] – and in front of seated guests:

–

廣東女子體育學校歡迎會
Two photos from the welcoming party at the Guangdong Girls’ Athletic School:

（一）為女生演拳圖
Photo 1 [upper photo] – A schoolgirl performing a boxing set
（二）為本會會員教員演技之預備
Photo 2 [lower photo] – and Jingwu Association instructors preparing to perform:

–

廣東女子師範學校歡迎會
Two photos from the welcoming party at the Guangdong Women’s Normal School:

（一）為歡迎會之內部
Photo 1 [rectangular photo] – Indoors during the party
（二）為女生團體演拳圖
Photo 2 [oval photo] – and schoolgirls doing a group performance of a boxing set:

白衣黑裙獨立之女士為潘君生濂係上海愛國女校畢業生拳術為會員甯竹亭盧煒昌所授現任該校體操教員
The woman standing alone in Photo 2 in the white top and black skirt is Pan Shenglian, a graduate of the Patriotic Girls’ School of Shanghai. She received boxing arts instruction from Jingwu Association members Ning Zhuting and Lu Weichang, and is currently the calisthenics instructor at the school.

–

廣東精武會發起人熊長卿君之家屬
Photos of Guangdong Jingwu Association sponsor Xiong Changqing’s family:

（一）為熊君家屬曁本會會員之攝影
Photo 1 – Xiong’s family with Jingwu members:

（二）為熊君家屬演拳之圖
Photo 2 – members of Xiong’s family performing boxing techniques:

熊君素精技擊其家屬無論男女老幼無不肄習現延温烈士生才之喆嗣偉琴君為技擊教員（第一圖上列右方第一人卽偉琴君）
Xiong is an expert at martial arts. His entire family practices, regardless of male or female, young or old. He has recently hired the martyr Wen Shengcai’s son Weiqin to give them further instruction (who appears at the far right of the top row in the first photo).

尚有報界公會南武學校教育會等因為光線所限不能攝影故未製版
There are other organizations, such as the Press Guild, the Nanwu Secondary School, the Educational Association, and so on, but no photos of them could be taken due to lighting limitations.

–

☉各界歡迎會來函錄後（請帖同式弗錄）
LETTERS OF WELCOME FROM VARIOUS ORGANIZATIONS (not including the letters of invitation that preceded them)

各界歡迎函牘
Photo of a few welcome letters:

▲教育會歡迎函
Letter of welcome from the Guangdong Educational Association [which in the photo is found in the upper right]:

廣東精武體育會列位先生大鑒敬啓者
貴會成立以來風聲所播百粵景從振發尚武精神提倡體育主義欽佩無量敝會現定於明日卽本月十五日下午七時假座小南門高等師範學校開會歡迎
貴會諸先生賁臨指教一切並請
演講幻燈以資啓發無任盼禱耑此敬請
道安　廣東省教育會謹啓（四月十四號）
To everyone at the Guangdong Jingwu Athletic Association,
　　Since the esteemed Jingwu Association was established, word has spread throughout the southeast. You have been rousing martial spirit and promoting the doctrine of physical education, for which you have our immeasurable admiration. Tomorrow, the 15th, at 7pm, our own association is holding an event for you at Southern Gate Advanced Normal School. We look forward to the honor of your presence and your advice. We also request that you please give one of your slide-show lectures as a means of enlightening the students. We very much hope that you can attend and that the road to the event is smooth.
　　- Respectfully yours, Guangdong Educational Association (April 14)

▲女子體育學校歡迎函
Letter of welcome from the Guangdong Girls’ Athletic School [in the lower right in the photo]:

煒昌公哲先生公鑒敝校本日特開會歡迎
台駕曁貴會諸君已准備一切希卽
光臨為荷又昨晚由連君轉知本日一時到商會搬運技擊器械諒已接洽茲特飭人到取仰祈卽行
付與無誤臨穎盼切恕不楷飾耑此敬候
武安　女子體育學校校長李蓮啓（四月十五日）
To Lu Weichang and Chen Gongzhe,
　　For the special event at our school today, we welcome you both from the esteemed Jingwu Association. All is prepared for you and we greatly appreciate your presence. Lian Zhuanzhi arrived last night, and today at 1pm the members of the Chamber of Commerce among others will also come to watch your demonstration. We hope that the payment we sent you was accurate and that you may pardon us for the space not being specially decorated for the event. We await you eagerly and hope that the road here is smooth.
　　- Li Lian, principal of the Girls’ Athletic School (April 15)

▲連聲海君代女子體育學校致本會會員函
Letter from Lian Shenghai, representing the members of the Guangdong Girls’ Athletic School [lower left in the photo]:

（會員等在粵為日無多而各界謬許備至致會員奔走足趾無停非敢云勞亦聊表社會趨重技擊之熱度己耳）
(When members of the Jingwu Association were going to be in Guangdong for just a days, various organizations rushed to prepare to receive them, feet never stopping and yet no one daring to ask to rest. This particular letter is an example just to show what a strong enthusiasm for martial arts there is in society now.)

煒昌公哲曁列公均鑒體育女校數日來已準備歡迎一切熱潮漲至千丈今忽聞
諸先生明日有赴他處歡迎會之議該校員生不勝向隅之感茲該校校長特來請弟千萬函懇明日無論如何務乞
諸先生蒞臨以增榮寵免該校員生來賓等缺望云用特修函奉凟務請撥冘到會為盼敬布區區餘未及此頌
晚祉　弟連聲海頓首（四月十四日）
To Lu Weichang and Chen Gongzhe,
　　We at this physical education school for girls have been preparing for several days to welcome you. It has been a hive of activity. But today we have suddenly heard that tomorrow you will be going somewhere else! The members of the welcoming party cannot bear to miss the opportunity to meet you, and so the principal has asked me to write a letter to plead with you to make it here tomorrow no matter what. If you could grace us with your presence, it would keep the students and guests from being terribly disappointed. Therefore I am writing to trouble you to please postpone whatever is delaying you and choose to come here instead. I cannot tell you how much this means to us.
　　- My humble best wishes, Lian Shenghai (April 14)

–

粵督覆函
A reply letter from the Guangdong branch:

會員等此次回粵得會董温欽甫君之介紹書數紙今特將粵督覆函擇登於此（抄錄原文如下）
When Jingwu Association members went to Guangdong, they carried with them letters of introduction singed by Wen Qinfu [Zongyao]. Of the many replies to these letters that have by now been sent from the Guangdong branch, this one has been chosen as an example. Here is the text of this original handwritten letter:

欽甫先生偉鑒雲樹春申載懷道範頃承
華翰益稔
風猷近維
履祉增綏
鼎祺懋晉望
風懷想頌仰曷勝陳君公哲來粵創設精武體育分會提倡尚武振起國魂自當樂與贊成用副雅意江天萬里尚希
時錫教言藉匡不逮為幸耑復敬頌
勳祉
莫榮新拜啟
四月十日
Wen Qinfu has clearly been intently observing the clouds and trees and has found that along with the coming of this new spring, an exemplary teacher has arrived. Your letter has brought great tidings, news that fosters good fortune and great relief, foretelling auspicious progress. Much sought after and endlessly praised, Chen Gongzhe has come to Guangdong to establish a branch of the Jingwu Athletic Association in order to promote esteem for our martial arts and to rouse the national spirit. I happily endorse him, and to aid you in your own estimation, I hope all the way to the horizon that you will presently bestow upon him the respect due to a great teacher and not let him slip through your fingers.
　　- Respectfully and with blessings, Mo Rongxin (April 10)
〔廣東督軍用笺〕
(written on the stationary of the Guangdong provincial military governor)

–

香港游樂會
The Chinese Recreation Club in Hong Kong:

–

本會圖畫義務教員沈伯誠先生贈民國八年五月九日
A gift from the Jingwu Association’s painting instructor, Shen Bocheng (May 9, 1919):

精武維揚
“Jingwu is on the rise!”
女界　軍界　學界　商界　政界　報界
And it is due to support from women’s groups, the military, academia, business, government, the press, etc.

–

☉附錄最近之廣東精武會消息
ADDITIONAL RECENT NEWS ABOUT THE GUANGDONG JINGWU ASSOCIATION

▲精武會職員會議情形（四月二十八日七十二行商報）
“Events of the Jingwu Association Staff Meeting” (All Businesses Bulletin, April 28)

精武體育會昨二十六日在賢樂里開職員第三次會議由幹事長簡琴石主席略言本會進行以籌有的款趕建會所以維久遠是第一要義現當訂定會章呈請立案開招會員嚴定資格選舉職員規定費用皆須今日定之旋由羅嘯璈報告經過辦理情形幷將草擬章程提出互有討論衆皆贊成以嚴格限制入會付表決多數通過主席以應否設會長付討論梁懍丹主張設理事五人至七人綜理其事付表決多數通過主席又言本會組織時間極短今竟得社會如許信仰皆賴報界諸公大力提倡有以致此且關於本會一切廣告皆擔任義務具見報界諸公提倡國技之精神至足欽感同人等擬對於報界諸公入會槪免收費以示優異並望諸公文事之中而兼武備等語付討論全體贊成通過何劍吳金湘帆提議定常會期決定每禮拜三日下午三時開會又決定五月一日開收會員五月三日一時開選舉理事大會熊長卿提議徵收女會員辦法衆議俟立案後妥定章程然後再議時已四句鐘遂散會
The Jingwu Athletic Association yesterday held its third meeting at its Xianle Village site. Head Secretary Jian Qinshi, who chaired the meeting, gave a few words about their progress, the plans for financing the building construction having been the priority for a long time. Other issues are the arranging of a branch constitution, the registering of new members and setting the qualifications for membership, the electing of staff members and providing for their expenses, all of which must now be decided.
　　Luo Xiao’ao then announced that he had already taken care of the situation and presented a draft of a constitution for discussion, to which everyone then gave their approval and it was voted for by a majority, the voting being strictly limited to Jingwu Association members. Jian then put forward the issue of whether or not there should a president specifically for this branch. Liang Lindan supported establishing a board of directors, comprised of five to seven people, to be in overall charge of affairs. This was also voted for by a majority.
　　Jian then stated that there was not much time left to get this Jingwu branch organized before losing the confidence of the community, and that they had been overly relying on the press to maintain public interest, with the result that advertising the branch had been taking the place of running it. “Since members of the press have been doing so much to promote the martial spirit, I feel that we ought to let them join for free, and then they would be able to show that they possess both literary and martial talents.” This was then discussed and agreed.
　　He Jianwu and Jin Xiangfan [Cengcheng] proposed fixing a regular time for meetings. It was decided to hold a meeting every Wednesday at 3pm, and it was also decided to accept members on May 1 and to gather to elect the board of directors on May 3 at 1pm. Xiong Changqing proposed that further discussion should wait until after collecting the general opinions of the female members and until there was a final draft of the constitution. The meeting dispersed at 4pm.

–

▲廣東精武體育會章程（五月一日七十二行商報）
“The Constitution of the Guangdong Jingwu Athletic Association” (as published in All Businesses Bulletin, May 1)

廣東精武體育會定期今日開始教授已見報端茲將該會通過章程詳錄如下
The Guangdong Jingwu Athletic Association will today begin teaching classes, as has already been announced in newspapers. This Jingwu branch has also adopted a constitution [a provisional and incomplete document modeled upon the more formal Jingwu Constitution (which can be found in the Appendices)], the details of which are shown below:

第一章　總則
Section 1: General Points

第一條本會仿照上海中國精武體育會辦法研究技擊及一切關於體育事項兼附設游藝文學各部命名為廣東精武體育會
Item 1: This Jingwu Association imitates the China Jingwu Athletic Association in Shanghai for its methods of studying martial arts and its approaches to physical education, and will likewise establish departments for recreational activities and literary studies. It is called the Guangdong Jingwu Athletic Association.

第二條本會講求體育與德育智育並重以鑄就健全強毅之國民為主旨槪不干預政治尤不分立門戶
Item 2: The Jingwu Association pays particular attention to physical education, but lays equal stress on moral education and intellectual education. Its purpose is to build a stronger and more resolute citizenry. We therefore forbid the politics of keeping styles secret and will in no way segregate styles from each other.

第三條本會擇適合地址籌建會所以資持久現為速成起見暫租太平門內賢樂里二十五號門牌大屋為臨時開辦地點
Item 3: A suitable location has been chosen for constructing the building for this Jingwu branch, where it will remain in the long term. But in order to get things moving quicker, we have rented a space past Tranquility Gate, in a mansion at #25 Xianle Village, to serve as a temporary location for opening this Jingwu Association.

第二章　會員
Section 2: Membership

第四條凡有志入會者須有本會會員之介紹年齡無限
Item 4: All who aspire to join the Jingwu Association require a recommendation from other members. (There are no age restrictions.)

第五條入會者須具保證書學界由該校校長保證商界由商號保證其餘軍警各界由該管長官保證
Item 5: All who join must also have a letter of recommendation. Those from academic circles should bring a letter from the head of their school. Those from business circles should bring a letter from the head of their company. Those from military or police circles should bring a letter from their commanding officer.

第六條會員入會後三個月經主任教員具證由職員會審查確無違犯本會規約者方得給與本會徽章認為本會會員
Item 6: Three months after joining the Jingwu Association, members will be reviewed by directors, instructors, and staff. If they have indeed not violated any of the rules throughout those three months, they will then be given a Jingwu badge and thus be formally recognized as a member of the Jingwu Association.

第七條會員領受徽章後須異常尊重不得佩入不規則場所並不得在外招搖滋事及不道德之行為如有違犯經職員會審查得實卽令出會並將徽章繳回或登報註消
Item 7: Once members have received a badge, they must take it seriously and not treat it as a mere decoration. If they behave improperly within the Jingwu Association, or even cause trouble outside it, or engage in immoral conduct, the examinations officers will tell them to hand over their badges and leave the premises, and their names will be removed from any lists of member names to be printed in newspapers.

第八條會員有自願出會者須正式函告本會職員部會費停止
Item 8: Members who decide to end their membership must write a letter to inform office staff in order to formally cancel their membership fees [i.e. official documentation is required to prevent confusion and not end up still getting billed for tuition].

第九條會員分四種
Item 9: Membership is divided into four types:
（甲）普通會員（入技擊部而兼他部者）
A. Ordinary membership is for those who participate in martial arts courses and other courses.
（乙）游藝會員（祗入游藝部者）
B. Recreational membership is for those who only participate in recreational activities.
（丙）夏季會員（入技擊部兼他部者但以暑假四十天為限）
C. Limited summer membership is for those who participate in martial arts courses and other courses, but only during a six-week period in the summer.
（丁）名譽會員（贊助本會及捐助經費者）
D. Honorary membership is for those who help out here or who donate funds.

第三章　職員
Section 3: Staff

第十條本會之職員如左
Item 10: The staff of this Jingwu Association involves:
（甲）理事五人至七人綜理本會維持及擴張一切事務
A. a board of directors, comprised of five to seven board members, who are in overall charge, deciding what affairs are to be maintained or expanded,
（乙）幹事若干人辦理本會一切應辦之事務
B. a certain number of secretaries-in-charge, who do the actual handling of affairs.

第十一條本會理事每年五月由會員公舉熱心毅力者充任之遇有本會應維持及擴張各事得由理事召集大會公決進行
Item 11: The board of directors is elected by members every May, appointed on the basis of who has the most enthusiasm and determination. Whenever issues arise about whether certain affairs should be maintained or expanded, the board will convene and decide how to proceed.

第十二條本會幹事設幹事長一人主理全會事務幹事若干人分任總務文事會計調查醫務各職均擔義務
Item 12: The secretaries-in-charge will appoint a head secretary who is in charge of dividing the staff into the various duties of general affairs, literary matters, bookkeepers, examiners, and medical matters.

第十三條本會設教授主任一人教員若干人聘用上海中國精武體育會會員擔任之其應添聘各派教員得商由本會幹事長分別聘用
Item 13: There is a director of instructors. Many of the instructors are engaged from the Shanghai China Jingwu Athletic Association, but we will add more instructors who represent various other styles. For dealing with business matters, we will specifically appoint from among our own secretaries-in-charge.

第十四條本會各職員遞年開大會公舉期滿續舉得連任之
Item 14: After staff members have completed a full year of serving in their position, they are eligible to be re-elected to their position for a second term.

第四章　經費
Section 4: Funds

第十五條本會經費分兩種（甲）捐款（乙）會費
Item 15: Our Association is funded by two means: A. donations, B. tuition.

第十六條本會捐款由各界人士熱心捐助凡捐款至五十元以上者列為名譽會員分別表彰
Item 16: Donations to this Association have come enthusiastically from people of all walks of life. All those who donate 50 or more yuan earn the title of “honorary member” to commend them for their noble contribution.

第十七條本會普通會員每月收費二元每半年收費八元每一年收費十二元游藝會員半年收費三元夏季會員收費一元均於入會時繳交會計處以後按期繳納至畢業為止
Item 17: Ordinary membership is 2 yuan per month, 8 yuan per six months, or 12 yuan per year. Recreational membership is 3 yuan per six months. Summer membership is 1 yuan [per six weeks]. All fees are to be paid at the accounting office. (After the completion of a course of study, there are also graduation fees.)

第五章　科目
Section 5: Curriculum

第十八條本會所設之科目如左
Item 18: This Jingwu Association’s established curriculum:
（一）技擊部
1. Martial arts department:
（甲）拳術
a. boxing sets,
（乙）器械
b. weapons,
（丙）對手（卽拆法）
c. two-person sets (i.e. application methods),
（丁）內功（卽運氣）
d. internal skill (i.e. energy movement).
（二）游藝部
2. Recreational Activities Department
（三）文學部
3. Artistic Studies Department
以上兩部俟開辦後詳細分列
(These two departments have not yet been opened. Further details will be given when courses within them begin.)
附技擊課程表（至六年畢業為止）
The martial arts curriculum (which takes six years to complete) is listed below:

（一）拳術
1. Boxing Sets:

潭腿
Tantui
插拳
Charging Punches
工力拳
Gongli Boxing
金剛拳
Arhat Boxing
少林拳
Shaolin Boxing
靑龍拳
Blue Dragon Boxing
五虎架
Fifth Tiger’s Boxing Set
節拳
Articulated Boxing
硬捶
Hard-Hammer Boxing
五虎拳
Fifth Tiger’s Boxing
十字戰
Cross-Shaped Fight
伏虎拳
Taming-Tiger Boxing
醉八仙
Drunken Eight Immortals
太祖拳
Taizu Boxing
大戰
Large-Scale Fight
穿拳
Piercing Fists
二郎拳
Second Son’s Boxing Set
溜腿架
Swinging-Kicks Boxing Set
脫戰
Escaping-Techniques Fight
擋拳
Blocking Boxing
練手拳
Handwork-Training Set
關西拳
Western-Pass Boxing
八極拳
Baji Boxing
順步捶
Smooth-Stepping Boxing
雄志拳
Heroic-Determination Boxing
短戰
Low-Posture Fight
撲拳
Pouncing Boxing
殺蛟拳
Serpent Slayer Boxing
黑虎拳
Black Tiger Boxing
溜脚勢
Swinging Kicks
小紮拳
Small Tying Boxing
腰步捶

（二）器械
2. Weapon Sets:

大刀
Large Saber
攔門鈌
Gate-Blocking Lance
攔門槍
Gate-Blocking Spear
五虎叉
Fifth Tiger’s Fork
劈山刀
Mountain-Chopping Saber
綈袍劍
Silk-Robe Sword
摑耳棍
Ear-Slapping Staff
雙刀
Double Sabers
提鑪槍
Furnace-Sparking Spear
達摩劍
Damo Sword
露花槍
Glistening-Flower Spear
抱月刀
Moon-Embracing Saber
頭路刀
Basic Saber Set
大掃子
Two-Section Staff
雙鐧
Double Maces
孫賓拐
Sun Bin Cane
露花刀
Glistening-Flower Saber
八卦刀
Eight-Trigrams Saber
春秋刀
Spring & Autumn Halberd
羣羊棍
Sheep-Herding Staff
雪片刀
Snowflake Saber
雙刺
Double Needles
虎頭鈎
Tiger Head Hooks
五虎槍
Fifth Tiger’s Spear
盤花刀
Coil & Flourish Saber
提鑪刀
Furnace-Sparking Saber
三步槍
Three-Steps Spear
雙八卦
Eight-Trigrams Double Sabers
夜戰槍
Night-Battle Spear
方天㦸
Crescent Moons Halberd
九節鞭
Nine-Section Whip
六合刀
Liuhe Saber
解腕刀
Wrist-Cutting Saber
齊眉棍
Eyebrow-Height Staff
雙座鈎
Double Hooks

（三）對手
3. Two-person sets:

套拳
Trapping Boxing
猴拳
Monkey Boxing
三步架
Three-Steps Boxing
四門拳
Four-Gate Boxing
拐刀對槍
Saber & Cane Versus Spear
掃子對槍
Two-Section Staff Versus Spear
對手八卦刀
Two-Person Eight-Trigrams Saber
紮拳
Tying Boxing
五郎捶
Fifth Son’s Boxing Set
鐧對棍
Mace Versus Staff
雙腿叉
Double-Kick Charging
雙拐對槍
Double Canes Versus Spear
對手雙刀
Empty-Hand versus Double Sabers
大刀對方天㦸
Large Saber Versus Crescent Moons Halberd
合戰
Cooperative Fight
擋步搥
Advance-Halting Boxing
對手刀
Two-Person Saber
對手棍
Two-Person Staff
大刀對槍
Large Saber Versus Spear
雙刀對槍
Double Sabers versus Spear
接潭腿
Two-Person Tantui
盤龍棍對手槍
Coiling-Dragon Staff versus Spear
空手奪槍
Empty-Hand Versus Spear
三節棍對槍
Three-Section Staff Versus Spear
串子
String of Beads
開門豹刀
Gate-Opening Leopard Saber
短打
Short Fighting
降龍棒
Descending-Dragon Cudgel
對手大刀
Two-Person Large Saber
虎頭鈎對槍
Tiger Head Hooks Versus Spear

第六章　時間
Section 6: Schedules

第十九條技擊部教授時間每日自晨早六時起至晚九時止由教員分班教授凡屬普通會員隨時均可來學其游藝文學各部俟開辦後再行詳訂
Item 19: Hours for the martial arts department: every day, throughout the day, from 6am to 9pm, instructors will teach material to individual groups. All ordinary members can come to learn at any time. (Scheduling for recreational activities and artistic studies will be made known when those departments have opened.)

第七章　畢業
Section 7: Graduation

第二十條技擊部會員滿二年給以尋常畢業文憑滿四年給以中等畢業文憑滿六年給以高等畢業文憑均於開秋季運動時舉行會員中有能於高等畢業後再求精進以竟全功者本會尤所歡迎其會費並可按年遞減至游藝文學各種畢業俟開辦後再行詳訂
Item 20: Once members of the martial arts department have completed two years of training, they are given a beginner-level diploma. After completing four years, they are given an intermediate-level diploma. After completing six years, they are given an advanced-level diploma. Graduation at all levels is held during our annual autumn athletic meet. If advanced graduates wish to continue to progress toward even higher levels of accomplishment, they are especially welcome in the Jingwu Association, and their membership fees will annually decreased. (As for graduating from courses in the departments of recreational activities and artistic studies, details will be arranged once those courses have started.)

第八章　附則
Section 8: Supplementary Items

第二十一條同人組織此會為強重強國起見另訂各部各種規約立法從嚴凡屬會員均須遵守
Item 21: Our colleagues have formed the Jingwu Association with the purpose of strengthening the masses to strengthening the nation. Although each department has its own criteria, there are also strict rules that all members must abide by.

第二十二條本章程如有未盡事宜得由本會職員會或大會公決修正
Item 22: If there is something that this constitution does not cover, it can be amended by Jingwu Association staff or a majority decision by members.

發起人（人名太多從略）贊成員（人名從略）
　　- Signed by sponsors and assisting members (names not included here)

–

▲精武體育會選定職員（五月五日七十二行商報）
“Jingwu Athletic Association Staff Appointments” (All Businesses Bulletin, May 5)

精武體育會昨三號開選舉職員會各幹事到者甚衆由簡琴石主席宣佈開會理由畢隨開選舉會李福林魏邦平簡照南陳廉伯楊梅賓五人得票最多當選為理事簡琴石當選為幹事長隨議定各部幹事員如下
The Jingwu Athletic Association yesterday elected many staff members and secretaries-in-charge. Jian Qinshi chaired the meeting. Following much discussion, votes were cast. Li Fulin, Wei Bangping, Jian Zhaonan, Chen Lianbo, and Yang Meibin were elected as board members. Jian Qinshi was elected as the head secretary-in-charge. Other decided appointments are listed below:
總務　金湘帆　何劍吳　楊達三　陳益南　熊長卿　路錫三　蘇相平　郭仙洲　趙秀石　李芝畦　霍公拔　卓仁機
General affairs: Jin Xiangfan [Cengcheng], He Jianwu, Yang Dasan, Chen Yinan, Xiong Changqing, Zhou Xisan, Su Xiangping, Guo Xianzhou, Zhao Xiushi, Li Zhiqi, Huo Gongba, Zhuo Renji
文牘　許逈凡　梁孝魯
Secretaries: Xu Jiongfan, Liang Xiaolu
庶務　陳兆均　盧定安　姚杰　蔡劍泉　劉少蘇　黃俊新
Business matters: Chen Zhaojun, Lu Ding’an, Yao Jie, Cai Jianquan, Liu Shaosu, Huang Junxin
文事　陳蘿生　馮伯礪　甘六持　梁懍丹　羅嘯璈　吳鑄魂
Literary matters: Chen Luosheng, Feng Boli, Gan Liuchi, Liang Lindan, Luo Xiao’ao, Wu Zhuhun
會計　黃礪海　杜琯英
Bookkeepers: Huang Lihai, Du Guanying
財政　陳廉仲　屈湘平
Treasurers: Chen Liangzhong, Qu Xiangping
醫務　黃漢榮　何焯
Physicians: Huang Hanrong, He Chao
調查　宋季輯　胡沛雲　黎佩詩　杜星棠　蕭漢明　謝沃生　黃煥庭　楊桂勳　陸見如　何傑三　陳鳳孫
Examiners: Song Jiji, Hu Peiyun, Li Peishi, Du Xingtang, Xiao Hanming, Xie Wosheng, Huang Huanting, Yang Guixun, Lu Jianru, He Jiesan, Chen Fengsun

–

☉各報評論一束
A BUNCH OF REVIEWS IN VARIOUS NEWSPAPERS

▲體育與技擊（四月九日廣東中華新報）　奭公
“Physical Education & Martial Arts” by Shigong (Guangdong China News, Apr 9)

體育為鍛鍊國民體格之學科技擊為一國體育之精華二者胥強民之本也
體魄強者其幹事必勇敢活潑宏毅可以任大事臨大節今我國積弱實由於人民頹靡故欲強國必先強民欲強民必先鼓吹其強民之道精武會諸君遠道來粵提倡技擊殆亦出於強國強種之深心吾聞之喜而不寐
顧今之世界趨於世界大同凡事當以世界為目標大凡事業學術技擊當其創始雖屬於國家的及其精進卽可進而為世界的故吾願提倡諸君竭力以圖日求精進使我光榮之國技進而為世界技得於體育學上占一重大之位置與日本之相撲德國之劍術後先輝映於體育學史中豈惟吾國之光榮世界人類實嘉賴之願我精武會諸君其勉之
Physical education is the branch of learning that has to do with training the bodies of the people, and martial arts are the essence of our nation’s physical education. Together they form the basis of strengthening our people. The work of strengthening the body requires courage, liveliness, and great willpower, and then one can do great things. Our nation’s long-standing weakness actually comes from our people’s listlessness. If we wish to strengthen the nation, we must first strengthen the people, but to strengthen the people, we must first promote the best means of doing so. Gentlemen from the Jingwu Association have come all the way to Guangdong to promote martial arts, expressing the sincere goal of strengthening the nation by strengthening the masses. Hearing about this delighted me so much that I could not sleep.
　　I have observed that today’s generation has an inclination toward a sense of universal brotherhood, everything now being a goal globally. Although our martial arts originated in our nation, these arts could with a bit of enterprise advance to become global arts. Indeed I hope that these gentlemen plan to do their utmost to promote these arts, increasingly striving to take the glorious arts of our nation to the whole world and earn for them a place as a significant form of physical education, outshining the likes of the Sumo of Japan or German fencing. How else will the glory of our nation gain the praise of the people of the world except by the efforts of the Jingwu Association?

▲東人西人（四月九日廣東中華新報）　冷觀
“Easterners & Westerners” [not in this case referring to Asians & Europeans, but to people from Shanghai (to the northeast) & people from Guangdong (to the southwest)] by Situ Lengguan (Guangdong China News, Apr 9)

精武體育會發起滬上以研練體育為宗旨而以德育智育為輔先是直隸霍元甲君以技擊稱雄大江南北學者宗之創為斯會成立以來倏將十載會衆已達千餘人直接間接傳授亦不下一萬五千之衆方其始基學子不過七十會所亦殊逼窄近年由陳公哲盧煒昌姚蟾伯諸君力為提倡建新會所奠定楨基之數君者其技擊之伽藍歟
精武體育會推聶雲台君為會長為滬上著名實業家素熱心於社會事業於體育之研練尤為注重斯會經聶君為之提倡益有一日千里之勢該會廣東分會現已成立吾粵之提倡技擊者殆有德不孤之感而歡迎之矣
The Jingwu Athletic Association started in Shanghai with the aim of providing physical education, further supplemented by moral education and intellectual education. It began with Huo Yuanjia of Hebei, whose martial skill dominated the area both north and south of the Yangzte River. Encouraged by his students, he founded the Jingwu Association. Since it was established, ten years have flown by, and there are now more than a thousand members.
　　Both directly and indirectly, his teachings have been passed down to more than fifteen thousand people, after having started with a mere seventy students. It was originally also a rather cramped space, and so in recent years Chen Gongzhe, Lu Weichang, and Yao Chanbo strongly pushed for the construction of a new location. After laying the foundation of the building, everyone involved has made it a haven for martial arts.
　　The Jingwu Athletic Association has chosen Nie Yuntai for its president, who is a famous industrialist in Shanghai. He is passionate about social causes and feels that physical education is especially important. Through the work of Nie, the Jingwu Association has made great strides.
　　The Guangdong branch has now been established, and those who had been promoting martial arts here are thrilled to discover that they are not alone in their ideals and heartily welcome the Jingwu Association.

▲拳術之關係（四月八日人權報）　鐵
“The Relevance of Boxing Arts” by Tie (Power-of-the-People News, April 8)

拳術為吾國國粹往時軍人雖重韜鈐尤精技擊自火器重而拳術輕論者以為無當勁敵不知日俄之役其所挫哥蕯克強兵如枯朽者惟拳術之效
抑拳術之妙不獨臨時之足以自衞而應敵也卽平時運動血氣足以強體魄而益衞生學堂宜列之體育專科以養成軍國民之資格此為最要之著
往時師儒以文弱荏脆為有書味積習相沿國安得不衰種安得不弱今誠欲扶衰起弱吾以為舍提倡拳術無由願與國人共勉之也
Boxing arts are the very essence of our nation’s culture. In the past, military men valued strategy and were especially skilled in martial arts. Since the invention of firearms, boxing arts have been considered to be much less important, but those with the opposing view will point out that this is not the case when facing a highly determined adversary. During the Russo-Japanese War, it was after all hand-to-hand combat that was the decisive factor in overpowering the Cossacks, rendering their weapons no better than rotten wood due to the effectiveness of boxing arts.
　　The marvel of boxing arts is that they are not only useful for defending the self and defeating opponents, but are also an excellent peacetime exercise for rousing the energy and blood in order to strengthen one’s physique and enhance one’s health. Schools need to make physical education a part of their curricula, giving everyone the training they need to become soldier-citizens. This is the most important step.
　　In the past, scholars became frail and brittle, fit only for turning the pages of a book. As this ended up being customary for many generations, how then can we transform the nation away from being weak, the people from being feeble? If we now wish to give a boost to the weak and feeble, there is no hope unless we promote boxing arts, and our countrymen must encourage each other in this endeavor.

▲精武（四月八日新報）　雲
“Jingwu” by Yun (Daily News, April 8)

吾國拳術確有獨到之處始則士夫不事講求而流入於賣漿屠狗之輩繼則此輩妄逞血氣每因派別不同互相戕賊又以火器日精而此調益成廣陵散今始反本還原定為國技此吾國拳術中興之運也盧君演說謂吾人苟不急起直追則國粹淪亡勢將輸入歐美而吾人復由歐美轉販而得吾聞其言而悲之
上海精武體育會成績卓著吾粵人當聚全神以赴之也
Our nation’s boxing arts are truly unique. First of all, scholars would not give them any attention, considering them to be something for the lower classes. Then low-class ruffians feuded over differences of style. And then finally, due to the constant improvements in firearms, these arts have at best become no better than the ancient Guangling Melody. But now it is time for our martial arts to be reborn, to have a renaissance.
　　Lu Weichang gave a speech in which he said: “If we don’t hurry up and reclaim these arts, our cultural essence will end up exported to the West, and then we will have to go to Europe or America to get it back.” These words filled me with grief. Thankfully the Shanghai Jingwu Athletic Association has had distinguished success. We Cantonese people will whole-heartedly attend [the new Guangdong branch].

▲盾（四月十日新民國報）　達人
“The Shield” by Tian Daren (New Republic News, April 10)

善哉精武體育會以盾形為會章也盾之用在禦暴斯會宗旨已一望而瞭然矣
雖然適用盾之主意者寧獨斯會耶
有誤國殃民者吾人則以法律為盾強鄰依勢凌迫吾人則以民氣為盾自一身以至一國無時無刻而可離乎盾吾敬斯會吾尤崇拜此盾也
It is wonderful that the Jingwu Athletic Association uses a shield as its emblem. A shield is used for defense, and so the Jingwu Association’s purpose is clear at a glance. Of course they are not the only ones who have shields in mind. To prevent harm to the nation and the people, we use laws as a shield. To fight off aggression from neighboring countries, we rely on the will of the people to be a shield. For both a person and a nation, there always has to be some kind of shield. I greatly respect the Jingwu Association and I especially admire this shield.

▲國粹（四月十二日中華新報）　惺公
“Our Cultural Essence” by Xinggong (China News, April 12)

五色軍器為我國技擊之特長非可笑也此次歐戰所用器械幾無一物不復古安見技擊器械之終成殭石哉王船山論練兵謂時時操演假作兩軍互鬭不如時時出獵與猛獸為眞實之搏擊蓋假則雍容眞乃着緊也留心國粹者不可不資為參考
提出國粹二字便隱隱然覺我祖黃帝仗斧鉞闢草萊以蓋世武功留遺至於今日我孝子賢孫永紹箕裘發揮而光大之眞非異人任也願精武體育會以鐵肩擔之以鐵拳捧之
Having a great variety of weapons is a specialty of our martial arts and something that cannot be sneered at. However, the weapons used during the European War [WWI] were never old-fashioned, making our traditional martial arts weapons look like fossils. In the essays of Wang Chuanshan, he said this on the subject of training troops: “Constantly drilling and doing mock battles does not compare to the authentic battle of hunting wild beasts. This is because a mock battle maintains a level of dignity, whereas a real fight gives an experience of genuine stress.” If we are to preserve our cultural essence [i.e. Chinese martial traditions], we must keep this point in mind.
　　The term “cultural essence” may seem rather vague, but ever since the Yellow Emperor wielded his battle-ax to keep out threats from the wilderness, his peerless martial accomplishments have resonated to this day. If we are to be worthy of this inheritance and develop it further, we cannot expect the people of other nations to do the work for us. Our hopes are with our Jingwu Athletic Association as they bear the “iron shoulder-pole” [i.e. take on the responsibility of rescuing the nation] and wield the “iron stick” [have the power to defend it].

▲精武體育會之前途（四月十一日新報）　慨
“To the Future of the Jingwu Athletic Association” by Kai (Daily News, April 11)

吾國人士向來於體育一科不甚注意以致柔筋脆骨人人以弱蟲見譏今者精武體育會自滬南來設立支部銳意擴張使我粵男兒盡化為干城建者其有裨於粵人良非淺尠吾預囑其前途之發達也
The people of our nation have never really paid proper attention to physical education, with the result that we have soft muscles and brittle bones. Everyone mocks us as being weak as worms. But now the Jingwu Athletic Association has come south from Shanghai to found a new branch, determined to expand in order to help turn the boys of Guangdong into soldier material. Now that it has been established, the benefits it will have for Cantonese people will by no means be meager. I hope it will have a great future here.

▲對症下藥（新民國報）　達人
“The Right Medicine for the Illness” by Tian Daren (New Republic News)

人孰不惡孱弱而喜強健東亞病夫之羞豈同胞所甘受
日本以武士道自喜碧眼黃髯者亦從而贊嘆弗輟不知其本源所出卽此羞人答答之病夫
物極必復乃有精武體育會誕生提倡國粹武術俾海內昆仲弱者強而病者起今且移教於粵矣粵中人士果欲雪病夫之恥者幸勿失此對症下藥之良醫也
Is there anyone who does not hate to be weak and love to be strong? Of course not. So why then do our countrymen accept being the “sick men of Asia”? Japan is very pleased with itself for its Bushido, and even the blue-eyed blondes [i.e. Westerners] constantly express their admiration for it. But they do not know that it actually came from our people, from these pitiful sick men.
　　When things reach an extreme, they will reverse their course. Thus the Jingwu Athletic Association has emerged to promote our cultural essence: our martial arts. Its purpose is to transform our countrymen by strengthening the weak and invigorating the sick. Now that it has come to spread its teachings in Guangdong, Cantonese people will at last want to wipe out the humiliation of being the “sick men”. Let us not neglect these arts. They are the best medicine for our situation.

▲精武體育會（天游日報）　非非
“The Jingwu Athletic Association” by Feifei (Sky Rover Daily News)

東方病夫毫無生氣積病夫而成病社會積病社會而成病國無怪一與列強交涉卽在在失敗也
欲藥病夫而成偉人其必以體育為基礎善乎西諺之言曰健全之精神寓於健全之肉體中今精武體育會來粵集會俾五嶺以南武德廣化由東方病夫變而為世界偉人不致望列強而生畏則中華民國復以永存於圓球上亦基於是矣尚武諸公勉乎哉
They call us the “sick men of Asia” – because we are lifeless zombies. With so many sick people, we have made a sick society. With such a sick society, we have made a sick nation. It is no wonder that the great powers think of us as a complete failure. To cure our sickness, physical education is the key. Westerners have a saying: “Mens sana in corpore sano.” [“A healthy mind in a healthy body.”] The Jingwu Athletic Association has now come to Guangdong to establish a new branch, in order to expand their martial virtue into southern China and transform us from the “sick men of Asia” into the mighty men of the world. Not until we are respected by the great powers will the Republic of China earn a lasting place upon the globe. Because of this, we must all encourage each other to cherish our martial arts.

▲粵東精武體育分會成立之感想（四月十三日上海廣肇週報）　伯夔
“My Feelings about the Founding of the Guangdong Branch of the Jingwu Athletic Association” by Luo Bokui (Shanghai Guangzhou-Guangdong Weekly News, April 13)

地球萬國鷹瞵鶚瞬莫不挾其偉大之武力雄飛於二十世紀之大舞臺中而吾中國自前淸光宣以來朝野上下暮氣充塞柔弱不振如老病癱瘓四肢廢弛絕無發展之能力一遇外侮則股慄戰懼蜷伏若可憐蟲旣無公理可言則惟有聽命強權如肉在俎任人宰割岌乎殆矣不可終日於是憂時之士倡議變法先烈舍生力謀革命然自民國光復後亦旣改革政體實行新法矣而大陸沉沉國事之腐敗社會之蕪穢時局之危險甚於疇昔然則救國之策將奈何羅子曰國者集合多數之人羣組織而成者也國之存立恆視民族之精神以為斷故必有強毅獨立之人民養成尚武精神以鞏固國維而後不為他族所凌轢所摧挫昔卑士麥以鐵血主義為德意志之教育而德強斯賓塞以堅忍主義為英吉利之教育而英強智耶爾以恢復主義為法蘭西之教育而法強近如日本自明治維新後以俠武立國所謂武士道大和魂者充布於三島間而日強反是則為高麗為安南為印度彼其文酣武嬉民族之精神全消沮於逸欲宴安之下而不克有為故人得乘其敝而卵壓之奴畜之卒墟其土無復有拯救之餘地嗚呼不其恫歟中國精武體育會者固將以體育養成民族尚武之精神以強種強國者也溯其發軔之初起於民國紀元前之二年學子數十人奉霍君元甲為技術師當其時吾國禍變方亟外潮之澎湃顚簸而來各有弱肉強食之野心吮牙伸爪環伺吾旁而吾國號稱四百兆之人民猶然虛憍相尚鼾睡不醒於是會中深識果毅之士乃具大力發宏願自信非尚武以鑄國魂不足以救亡相與慘淡經營務達其完滿至終之目的而後息肩故十年之間而會衆之直接間接傳授者已逾數萬人分會之設則紹興南潯松江香港漢口相繼進行今則廣東精武會又告成立余對於此更有絕大之希望焉吾粵民氣素以勇悍著然苟能因勢利導施以適當之教育使就羈勒則此可用之民氣他日為國干城為邦之楨又胡可量不寧唯是由粵會更進而普及於全國使全國中伈伈俔俔靦覥偸安之國俗盡湔滌舊習一躍而為敵愾之健兒其誰敢侮予其誰敢侮予夫有世界眼光斯謂之英雄能造時勢斯謂之英雄若茲體育會其眞有世界眼光而能造時勢以救國者哉
All the nations in the world stare at each other fiercely, all of them having relied on their military might to leap onto the stage of the twentieth century. Ever since the establishing of the Qing Dynasty, people from all levels of our society, from official to commoner, have been full of lethargy, weak and dispirited, like sick old people who have become paralyzed by limbs that have lost the strength to move, having never developed their abilities. When encountering foreign aggression, it goes without saying that their knees buckled and they collapsed in fear, then curled up into pathetic fetal positions, resigning to their fate under the yoke of the powerful, letting themselves be chopped up like meat on a cutting board. We were in a desperate situation indeed.
　　Therefore men of those anxious times pushed for political reform, giving their lives for the Revolution. Since recovering our lost land in the form of the Republic, we have reformed the government and implemented new methods. But China somehow has remained in a dreary condition. State affairs are full of corruption, society is overgrown with weeds, and the current political framework is in peril. In many ways, we seem to be worse off than in the past. However, there is a strategy for rescuing the nation: “A nation is that which is formed by the gathering of many people.” The survival of a nation always depends on its national spirit. Therefore we must have a resolute sense of independence and get the people to cultivate a martial spirit in order to strengthen the nation and keep other nations from oppressing us or holding us back.
　　In the past, Otto von Bismarck used the doctrine of “blood and iron” in German education to make Germany strong. Herbert Spencer used the doctrine of “survival of the fittest” in English education to make England strong. Adolphe Thiers used the doctrine of “restoration” in French education to make France strong. Since the Meiji Restoration, Japan has used a martial philosophy to establish itself, the ideas of “Bushido” and “Yamato-damashii” resonating through the islands to make Japan strong. Otherwise, Japan would have become like Korea [controlled by Japan], Vietnam [controlled by France], or India [controlled by Britain]. Due to the decadence of their governments and military, the spirit of the people entirely dissipated into idleness and they could no longer put up a fight. They simply gave in to ruin, crushed into servitude, no way left to rescue themselves. Is this not a fearful situation?
　　The China Jingwu Athletic Association steadfastly supplies physical education to cultivate the martial spirit of the people, in order to “strengthen the people to strengthen the nation”. It opened two years before the first year of the Republic [i.e. 1910]. Dozens of students were receiving instruction from Huo Yuanjia. After our nation went through the calamity of transformation, we were then soon bumped and jolted by the swells of foreign tides. With the ambition of other nations driven by the law of the jungle [“the strong eat the weak meat”], they bared their fangs and extended their claws, waiting for an opportunity to pounce, but our nation of four hundred million people was just as complacent, just as asleep as before.
　　Within the Jingwu Association, there are men of vision, determination, energy, aspiration, and confidence who therefore feel that unless we promote a martial quality to forge a national spirit, we will not have what it takes to rescue the nation. It is only by encouraging each other through the ordeal of a kind of military training that we can fully achieve our ultimate goal and then actually deserve a rest. Over the last ten years, the Jingwu Association has provided instruction, whether directly or indirectly, to tens of thousands of people. Branch locations have been established in Shaoxing, Nanxun, Songjiang, Hong Kong, Hankou, one after another, and now the Guangdong Jingwu Association as well.
　　This makes me very hopeful indeed. We Cantonese people have a boldness of spirit, but if only we could apply it in the right way, with the proper instruction teaching us how to harness it, then we could make use of our morale to someday be the defenders of our country, or even the backbone of the nation, anything at all. Moreover, perhaps our boldness could spread from the Guangdong branch to the whole nation, helping to quell everyone’s fear and timidity. If ordinary people throughout the nation can make the leap of washing away old habits and become valiant warriors committed to defeating enemies, who would dare to insult us? No one! It is heroes who have a vision for the world. It is heroes who make history happen. As long as the Jingwu Association has both of these heroic qualities, it will surely succeed in rescuing the nation.

–

（鐵生按）吾近得廣東消息知粵會已擇地於東郊之先農壇建築會舍其代價約銀洋二萬以六越月竣工鄕人之熱心宏願大可喜也且聞開辦只三越月而會員已得二百有餘會中練習者踵相接卽此六月之建築猶不能待現擬先擇廣廈遷居六月後再遷入自築之新會所云其發達詎可量哉憶今夏開成立會於海珠戲院時南武學校贈聯曰精神尚武吾道其南一回念之快慰何如也八年八月一日記
Note by Chen Tiesheng: I recently heard the news from Guangdong, learning that the site chosen on which to build the Guangdong Jingwu Association will be a plot of land in the eastern suburbs. The project will cost 20,000 silver yuan and take more than six months to complete. The local townsfolk are enthusiastic, inspired, and gratified that it will at last have a real presence there. I have furthermore heard that after just over three months since it opened [in the temporary location], there are already more than two hundred members.
　　Practitioners at the Jingwu Association are very eager and feel they cannot wait six months for the building to be completed, so it has been decided to first shift the temporary location into a large mansion space and then later to move into the completed building of the new location at the end of those six months. This branch will surely flourish beyond measure. I remember that this summer during the celebration for the new branch at the Sea Pearls Theater, the Nanwu Secondary School gave us a present of a pair of mottos in calligraphy: “Spirited and martial!” “Our ways are now in the south.” It is so delightful that these words have indeed come true.
　　- written Aug 1, 1919

–

☉各處祝電
TELEGRAMS OF CONGRATULATIONS FROM VARIOUS ORGANIZATIONS

▲上海廣肇公所祝電
Telegram of congratulations from the Shanghai Guangzhou-Guangdong Public Affairs Office:

廣州李鎭守使鈞鑒
精武體育分會在粵成立逖聽之餘莫名忭頌進化合羣體育通乎德育精神智識國強胥賴種強他日人才蔚起與莊嚴燦爛之民國焜耀爭輝斯會藉公而成則與公手造共和偉業豐功同垂不朽謹馳電祝無任欽遲
上海廣肇公所叩魚
To the provincial garrison commander Li Fulin in Guangzhou,
　　The establishing of the Guangdong branch of the Jingwu Association has been heard of far and wide. It is impossible to express the extent of our congratulations. Jingwu transforms us all, not only through physical education, but moral and intellectual education as well. Strengthening the nation depends entirely on strengthening the people, and talented people will someday flourish indeed, adding yet more light to our resplendent Republic. Creating this new branch will be as immortal an achievement as creating the Republic itself. We sincerely send this telegram to express our great admiration.
　　- Best wishes, Shanghai Guangzhou-Guangdong Public Affairs Office

▲上海廣東俱樂部祝電
Telegram of congratulations from the Guangdong Social Club of Shanghai:

廣州李鎭守使鈞鑒
粵山蒼蒼粵海泱泱精武一會成立吾鄕體德智育日進無疆英雄崇拜邦國之光
上海廣東俱樂部敬祝魚
To the provincial garrison commander Li Fulin in Guangzhou,
　　As lush as the mountains of Guangdong, as vast as the sea off the Guangdong coast, with this Jingwu Association established in our homeland, there will in physical, moral, and intellectual education be endless improvement. We venerate these heroes, our nation’s glory.
　　- Best wishes, Guangdong Social Club of Shanghai

▲漢口精武體育會祝電
Telegram of congratulations from the Hankou Jingwu Athletic Association:

廣州海幢寺精武體育會諸君鑒
粵東精武冠蓋畢聚粵會宏開一幟建樹漢埠同人聞風如覩遙祝諸公名垂今古
漢口精武會電賀
To all at the Guangzhou Jingwu Athletic Association, care of the Hoi Tong Temple,
　　“At the Guangdong Jingwu Association, officials have gathered, and for the grand opening the banner has been raised…” When we at the Hankou branch heard this news, we could picture it so clearly. We send our greetings to you all from so far away and declare that your fame will live forever.
　　- Wired from the Hankou Jingwu Association

–

☉祝詞
POEMS OF CONGRATULATIONS

（一）廣東省教育會祝詞
1. Poem of congratulations from the Guangdong Educational Association:

中華民國八年四月九日為上海精武體育會廣東會所成立之期禮成爰為之祝曰
On April 9, 1919, the Guangdong branch of the Shanghai Jingwu Athletic Association was established. After the ceremony, we made this poem of congratulations:

中華武道自昔昌明世風日下文重武輕
國家積弱外侮侵陵淸末志士握腕拊膺
提倡體育精武會成雄風大振技擊復興
強種救國成效已形粵省會所允宜組織
各界贊許成立隨卽歡迎各派表演技擊
一道同風軍國基植東方武士猶當辟易
輔助教育敝會天職對於體育提倡最力
茲與盛會歡慰曷極敬祝貴會會務大張
宏茲盛烈蔚為國光干城有賴國日以強
四夷慴服奚事金湯日光所至五色旂揚
追維功首精武足當廣東精武億萬年長
Chinese martial ways
flourished in ancient days.
But whenever our society fell into a decline,
literary pursuits were held high and martial affairs were looked down on.
　　Our nation’s long-standing weakness
tempts foreign aggression and invasion.
At the end of the Qing Dynasty, men of integrity
grabbed us by the wrist and slapped their chests in indignation.
　　For encouraging physical education,
the Jingwu Association succeeds best of all.
Word has spread, the people have been roused,
and our martial arts are being given new life.
　　The project of strengthening the people to rescue the nation
is already taking shape,
and the Guangdong branch
is perfect for this task.
　　People from all walks of life have been praising it
from the moment of its founding.
It welcomes practitioners of all styles
to perform their martial arts.
　　Same way, same message:
the military is the foundation of a nation.
These warriors of the East
will make all others retreat.
　　To assist by teaching
is the solemn task of the Jingwu Association,
and in the realm of physical education
is where it gives the most powerful encouragement.
　　To be among this distinguished gathering
was incredibly gratifying.
We wish for the Jingwu Association to receive great renown
and that its influence will spread far.
　　It is magnificent and bursting with potential,
a beacon of national glory.
With such an army to depend on,
the nation will grow stronger by the day.
　　Surrounding countries will give up their aggression,
frozen in awe by our fortifications.
The sun shines down
on our five-color flag rising up.
　　To pursue achievement to its height,
Jingwu has what it takes.
May the Guangdong Jingwu Association
last forever!

（二）廣東河南至誠學校頌詞
2. Poem from the Henan Island Sincerity School of Guangdong:

中華民國八年四月九日迺廣東武精體育會舉行成立大會之良辰同人等幸與盛會欣感莫名謹為詞而頌之曰
On April 9, 1919, the Guangdong Jingwu Athletic Association had its grand opening, a distinguished gathering blessed with many colleagues, an occasion joyful beyond words. We sincerely offer this poem we made to celebrate the event:

廣其模範黃裔帲幪東亞好漢萬方聞風
精我技擊逐彼醜戎武裝旣備乃奏凱功
體魄強壯維勇與忠育才濟濟氣象蓬蓬
會試操演共進大同成斯偉舉裨益無窮
紀其勳績惟大英雄盛哉觀者樂在其中
Setting an example that will extend far,
making a lasting impression upon future Chinese descendants,
these heroes of eastern Asia
will be heard of everywhere.
　　By mastering our martial arts,
they drive away enemy threats,
a form of military preparation
that is a triumphant success.
　　With strong physiques,
with bravery and loyalty,
they are training a talented multitude
and imbuing an abundance of spirit.
　　Having been tested through the training,
we will advance together toward a greater harmony.
From this great undertaking,
there will be benefits without end.
　　The record of their achievements
will be full of heroic deeds,
an abundance that we can look upon
and take delight in.

（三）盧興原博士祝詞
3. Poem of congratulations from Lu Xingyuan, Ph.D. [a graduate of Oxford]:

民國八年四月九日為廣東精武體育會成立之期吾友陳君公喆實主其事興原躬與盛會極意贊同謹上頌詞以志欽仰詞曰
On April 9, 1919, the Guangdong Jingwu Athletic Association was established. My colleague Chen Gongzhe, who was in charge of the event, invited me to attend this distinguished gathering, for it is a cause that I strongly endorse. I sincerely offer this poem to show my admiration and esteem:

儒文俠武道不虛張風會斯變惟力是強
生存競爭亦曰優勝匪精胡優不武曷競
偉哉陳君剛健含英振靡起懦為國干城
精武建標自滬而粵將使南球光爭日月
率我子弟壯我同袍能執干戈幷習鈴韜
赳赳桓桓為龍為虎為黃帝魂為武士道
一敵萬敵積健斯雄願為壯士長歌大風
They are Confucian scholars and heroic warriors.
Their ways are not empty bluster.
When the wind meets them, it gets out of their way,
for their strength is so powerful.
　　In the struggle for existence,
there are winners and losers.
Without spirit [“jing”], how can we win?
And without a martial quality [“wu”], how can we even struggle?
　　The mighty Chen Gongzhe
is powerful and bold.
He rouses the weak and timid
to be the defenders of the nation.
　　The Jingwu Association has made its mark
from Shanghai to Guangdong,
causing the south
to now outshine the sun and moon.
　　It guides our children,
strengthens our comrades,
making them able to wield weapons,
training them to employ strategies.
　　They are valiant and martial,
like dragons, like tigers,
showing the soul of the Yellow Emperor,
the way of the warrior.
　　Whether facing one enemy or ten thousand,
these heroes will be filled with strength.
I am sure they will be warriors
who will live forever in poems of praise.

–

☉廣東精武會第二次報告書（八年八月一日廣東七十二行商報）
“Second Report on the Guangdong Jingwu Association” (Guangdong All Businesses Bulletin, Aug 1, 1919)

本會自本年五月一日開辦後。至三十一日。業將是月辦理情形報告。茲續將六七兩月。所辦各事分別為第二次之報告如下。
Throughout this May, from the 1st to the 31st, the Jingwu Association celebrated its grand opening, and we have reported on the event over the course of the month. Below are further reports, detailing the events that have continued through June and July:

（一）會務增進
1. An Example of Progress Made in Jingwu Association Affairs:

本會規畫。原有各種游藝。以為會員練習之技能及修養軀體之具。凡中西各藝術。均須設備。徒以開辦未幾。且現在會所不敷分布。暫難進行。六月時。有新會員秦人俊君。熟習游泳。提議聯同會員。擇一淸潔之地。學習游泳一術。並購中西泅水術各書。以備研究。經職員部認可。旋擇定河南大涌口之沙底淺水處所。並定每星期兩日。於下午三時教練餘暇。由主任教員沈楊兩君。分率前往練習。至五時止。各會員自由赴會。或十人至二十人不等。所習中西泅水諸術。大有成效。
The original plan of the Jingwu Association was to provide various recreational activities so that members can practice skills and train their bodies. Facilities should be provided for both Chinese and Western activities. Not long after opening, students found some of the facilities to be inadequate, slowing their progress. But then in June, new member Qin Renjun, who is skillful at swimming, suggested members have access to an alternate cleaner site for learning to swim, and that books on both Chinese and Western swimming methods be purchased for study.
　　Staff members agreed to this and soon selected the sandy-bottomed shallow-water site at Dachongkou, Henan Island, deciding that there would be extra instruction given two days a week, 3–5pm, instruction duties being divided between Shen Jixiu and Yang Chenlun. All members are free to attend, whether ten people or twenty, to learn Chinese and Western swimming methods. This extra class has produced excellent results.

（二）教練程序
2. Order of Instruction:

本會教練技擊以潭腿為基本教練。計開辦法第一月完成潭腿十二路後至第二個月習工力拳第三個月習節拳。每日仍以潭腿為常習之技術。並依教授程序。迴環温習。以求增長體魄之實力。遇有新入會員卽互相引進有入會雖遲。而能與舊會員並駕齊軀者。為數極多。此非獨教授之效。亦會員砥礪之功也。計現在會習工力拳者過百人。習節拳者五六十人。自餘新入會者。則按日授以潭腿。一依程序。以為教練。
The Jingwu Association’s martial arts instruction uses Tantui as the fundamental training. Beginners spend the first month learning Twelve-Line Tantui, then the second month learning Gongli Boxing, and then the third month learning Articulated Boxing. However, Tantui is still practiced every day, for it is also in accordance with the order of instruction that students keep returning to and reviewing what they have learned in order to use it as a means of increasing physical strength.
　　When new members are helped by other new members, they progress more slowly, but many have benefited from the influence of older members, and so the process is not merely the result of instruction, but of members encouraging each other. There are now more than a hundred members practicing Gongli Boxing and fifty or sixty practicing Articulated Boxing. The rest of the new members are being taught Tantui every day in accordance with the order of instruction.

（三）會員狀况
3. Current State of Membership:

本會教練技擊。其主旨在強種強國體育之外。兼注重智育德育。以故會員日衆。計自五月一日起至七月三十一止。共得新舊會員並夏季會員。共二百四十六人。另派員教授。計南武學校學生二百五十人。廣東女子體育學校女生八十餘人。復由上海精武傳授之潘生濂君教授廣東省立女子師範學校女生過百人。坤維女校學生四十餘人。統共不下七百餘人。六月間潘生濂君方擬組織廣東技擊團。商由本會派員教練。額設每班四十人。嗣以罷學風潮。提前暑假。潘君因事返滬。暫行擱下。未告成立。至本會每日練習。雖當盛暑。無或稍輟。每日早夜兩班。操練者過百人。午間亦數十人。自六月起。操潭腿。按時計以發口令。操者揮汗如暴雨。不以為苦。蓋以排洩作用。汗愈出而體質益固。實足與酷烈之炎暑相抵抗也。是月港大學秦人俊君。因腦病夢遺。輟學來會練習。每日發汗多次。不旬日而病除。又宋錫鴻君。以童年染有喘症。來會練習。不一月而體質大變。均有報告來會。自是而秋蟬君。司徒冷觀、馮澄甫、陳寶尊、蘇重民、陳海波、鄺贊泉、區熙若、黎爾嘉諸君等。且有登報表揚之舉。而體育之效。於是益著矣。
The Jingwu Association gives instruction in martial arts, with the purpose of strengthening the masses to strengthen the nation. But beyond physical education, there is also equal emphasis given to both intellectual education and moral education. Therefore membership has increased by the day. From May 1 to July 31, tallying up the older members, newer members, and members who have joined for summer programs, makes a total of two hundred forty-six. Instruction has also been given beyond the Jingwu Association, to two hundred fifty students at Nanwu Secondary School, and to more than eighty students at the Guangdong Girls’ Athletic School. Pan Shenglian, an instructor originally from the Shanghai Jingwu Association, taught more than a hundred students at the Guangdong Women’s Normal School and more than forty students at the Kunwei Women’s Normal School. Altogether, this makes no less than seven hundred students.
　　During June, Pan Shenglian also decided to go further and formed the Guangdong Martial Arts Club. She consulted with the Jingwu Association about sending instructors. There were forty people per class, but then the classes suddenly came to an end due to unforeseen circumstances, just prior to the start of summer. Pan Shenglian had to return to Shanghai, resulting in a temporary hiatus, and those classes have still not yet resumed.
　　As for the Jingwu Association itself, students have been practicing every day, with not one taking a break despite the summer heat. Every day, in both the morning class and the evening class, there are more than a hundred people training, and even at noon there are dozens. Since the beginning of June, whenever it is time to practice Tantui, they practice until their sweat falls like rain. They consider this to be a cleansing experience rather than an ordeal. The more they sweat, the more their bodies benefit, cooling them against the heat.
　　This month, Qin Renjun of Hong Kong University had been suffering from wet dreams so persistently that he discontinued his studies and came to train at the Jingwu Association. He had been repeatedly breaking into sweats every day, but after just a week, his illness had been eliminated. Likewise, Song Xihong had suffered from asthma since his childhood, so he came to train at the Jingwu Association. After not even a month, his body had transformed. Events like these have brought reporters to the Jingwu Association, such as Qiu Chan, Situ Lengguan, Feng Chengfu, Chen Baozun, Su Zhongmin, Chen Haibo, Kuang Zanquan, Ou Xiruo, and Li Erjia, who have published praise in the newspapers for the results and benefits of physical education.

（四）會址規畫
4. Planning for the Site:

本會會址。前經職員部勘定在東郊第二公園內設立。嗣以公園規劃。尚需時日。而本會暫租之會所。因會員旣多。頓形狹窄。不得不急謀另建會所。旋由職員部熟商。覓得第二公園附近之舊先農壇一所。面積廣闊。尚足敷用。決議備價先行領出。從速籌建。以利進行。經於七月下旬備文政府請示。事關地方公益。當可邀准。預計建築時期。約三四個月間當可竣事。自餘一切所辦各事。悉照定章辦理。此外有陸續捐送本會品物者。應照列出。以誌高誼。捐送品物列下。醫務幹事黃漢榮君送出跌打丸一百個。省佛同善堂送出寶丹二十盒。理事李福林君送出鐵啞鈴大小三對。太平街葉萬泉送出眞寶丹五十甁。薄荷油一百甁。丁香油五十甁。如意油五十甁。編述主任秋蟬君送出五十斤鐵棍一技。七月三十一日廣東精武體育會報告。
The site of the Jingwu Association has already been settled by the staff members: it will be built in Second Park, in the eastern suburbs. The plan for the Second Park site still requires time, but the Jingwu Association’s temporary rental site has already become so crowded that a new site has to be built quickly. Staff members who are familiar with the workings of business have managed to find a site in Second Park near the old Temple of Agriculture, which has a spacious area, plenty of room.
　　They resolved to make sure the finances were ready before beginning and then to start construction as soon as possible. In order to proceed, a document was presented to local government during the last week of July, formally requesting to build on the site, and approval has been given. The time to complete construction has been estimated at three to four months. All other matters in the meantime will be handled according to standard Jingwu Association rules.
　　Additionally, a succession of items has been donated to the Jingwu Association which deserve to be acknowledged: 100 injury-healing pills from secretary-in-charge of medical matters Huang Hanrong; 20 boxes of “treasure elixir” from Provincial Buddhist Charities; 3 iron dumbbells ranging in size from large to small from board member Li Fulin; 50 bottles of “true treasure elixir”, 100 bottles of peppermint oil, 50 bottles of clove oil, and 50 bottles of “wish granting” oil from Ye Wanquan of Taiping Street; and a 50-pound iron staff from director of speeches Qiu Chan.
　　- Report from the Guangdong Jingwu Athletic Association, July 31.

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▲精武近訊（廣東商報）
“Latest Report on the Jingwu Association” (from Guangdong Commercial News)

精武體育會。近因開辦已屆三月。各會員品學如何。多已知之。例應給與證章。認為正式會員。然為愼重起見。特開全體職員會審查。幷由主任教員具證。昨已事竣。計應領受會員證章者。為駱文熙等八十四人。定八月一日。由主任教員給發。以昭鄭重。至該會會員。現共二百餘人。因之原有會址。頗覺地方不敷。聞已決定趕速籌建會所。幷一面尋覓適宜屋舍。以便新會所未落成之前。暫時遷往。一俟覓得。則卽遷徙云。
Since this branch of the Jingwu Athletic Association opened three months ago, the members have already learned so much. Badges have been given to indicate certain students as formal members, after being tacitly critiqued by staff and verified by head instructors. Then yesterday, Aug 1, an event was held in which membership cards were presented by instructors to eighty-four people, among them Luo Wenxi, in recognition of their dedication.
　　Membership now totals more than two hundred people, and so the original location no longer has adequate space. It has therefore been decided to construct a new location, for which an appropriate site is currently being looked for. Before the new building is completed, a temporary location will be found and the Jingwu Association will be moved into it during the interim.

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▲精武體育會已遷會址（七十二行商報）
“Jingwu Athletic Association has Moved” (All Businesses Bulletin)

廣東精武體育會開辦以來。會務甚為發達。茲因會所不敷辦公之用。正擬另覓相當地點。俾便發展。乃承張省長荔園曁張統領駐雲。飭駐寧波會館軍隊。遷讓會館。幷助經費五百元。寧波會館地址。在西關槳欄街西首。乃省垣交通至適中之地點。地方亦極宏敞云。
Since the Guangdong Jingwu Athletic Association opened, its activities have flourished. Because of this, its original location was no longer of sufficient size, and so a more appropriate site was looked for in order to further grow. Thanks to provincial governor Zhang Liyuan and army commander Zhang Zhuyun, whose troops are stationed at Ningbo Hall, it has been allowed to move into the Hall [as its temporary location], and has been given 500 yuan to assist with expenses. Ningbo Hall is located at the western end of Jianglan Street in the Xiguan District. This is a place that is easy to reach in the heart of Guangzhou and is a very spacious location.

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鐵生按此為十月一日新聞粵會雖在建築中然會員人多迫不及待故先遷於此也
Note by Chen Tiesheng: The article above was written on Oct 1. As soon as it was in the news that construction of a new Guangdong location was underway, the students made it known that they were too impatient to wait for it to be finished, and therefore it was moved to this temporary location.

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附載廣東精武會員歡迎盧煒昌圖　八年十二月十三日
Photo of the members of the Guangdong Jingwu Association welcoming Lu Weichang [shown in second row, sixth from left] – Oct 23, 1919:

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☉香江
[4] HONG KONG BRANCH

余筱常
Director Yu Xiaochang:

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香港弼志書室技擊教員　李振江
Martial arts instructor for the Hong Kong Local History Office, Li Zhenjiang [Liancun]:

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本會派員教授香港同志攝影
Photo of our Hong Kong Jingwu Association comrades, showing students and instructor:

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[Continue to Appendices.]

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