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Developmental Biology

果蝇卵母细胞的核迁移

Published: May 13th, 2021

DOI:

10.3791/62688

1Université de Paris, CNRS, Institut Jacques Monod

果蝇中,卵母细胞核在形成过程中经历微管依赖性迁移。在这里,我们描述了一个协议,这是开发,以遵循迁移,通过执行现场成像的鸡蛋室 前vive。我们的程序保持卵室活12小时,以获得多位置3D延时电影使用旋转盘共聚焦显微镜。

活细胞成像对于了解调节细胞运动、细胞骨架重新排列或细胞内极性模式的细胞和分子机制尤为必要。在研究卵母细胞核定位时,实时成像技术对于捕捉这个过程的动态事件至关重要。 果蝇 卵室是一个多细胞结构和一个很好的模型系统来研究这种现象,因为它的大小和众多的遗传工具可用性。在 嗜血杆菌 中期生成期间,细胞核从卵母细胞内的中心位置迁移,采用由微管生成的力介导的不对称位置。这种细胞核的迁移和定位对于确定胚胎的极性轴和随后的成年苍蝇是必要的。这种迁移的一个特点是,它发生在三个维度(3D),创造了一个活成像的必要性。因此,为了研究调节核迁移的机制,我们制定了一个培养解剖卵室的协议,并利用旋转盘共聚焦显微镜进行12小时的实时成像。总的来说,我们的条件使我们能够长期保存 果蝇 卵室,从而使核迁移的完成能够在大量3D样品中实现。

几年来,嗜血性卵母细胞已成为研究核迁移的示范系统。嗜血性卵母细胞在称为卵室的多细胞结构中发育。卵室包括16个生殖细胞(15个护士细胞和卵母细胞),周围环绕着上皮层的卵泡体细胞。卵室发育被细分为14个阶段(图1A),在此期间卵母细胞将生长并积累胚胎早期发育所需的储备。在开发过程中,在微管重组和母体决定因素的不对称传输时,卵母细胞沿着前体和多鼻体轴两极分化。这些轴确定胚胎和成人的后续极性轴产生于这个卵母细胞1的受精。在形成过程中,细胞核在卵母细胞中采用不对称位置。在第6阶段,细胞核以细胞为中心。当卵母细胞接收到的后卵泡细胞发出的尚未识别的信号时,细胞核会在第7阶段(图1B)2、3阶段向前等离子体膜和横向等离子体膜之间的交叉处迁移。此不对称位置需要诱导多索-文特轴的确定。

Figure 1
图1:蝇黑色素加斯特卵室。(A....

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1. 成像介质制备

  1. 在使用当天准备新的媒体。皮佩特 200 μL 施耐德介质 (含 L-麸质胺和 0.40 g/L 的 NaHCO3 辅以 10% 热灭活胎儿小腿血清, 100 U/mL 青霉素, 和 100 毫克/毫升链霉素).
  2. 补充 30 μL 胰岛素 10 毫克/毫升。
  3. 加入4微升热灭活胎儿小腿血清。

2. 观察室准备

  1. 使用移液器尖端,在穿刺滑梯底部的孔周围涂抹少量硅胶润滑脂(

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在迁移之前,核是动态的,在定义为迁移前的期间围绕中心位置振荡。这些小动作反映了在卵母细胞中间保持平衡的推拉力的平衡。通过量化核的轨迹,我们已经表明,APM和LPM轨迹具有类似的比例。我们通过细胞核与等离子膜6之间的第一次接触来定义轨迹的性质。因此,核到达APM或LPM,然后沿着它滑动,达到其在两个等离子膜交叉口的最终位置图5,

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其他协议描述如何准备和培养果蝇卵室前活体活成像检测12,13。此协议的新颖性是使用使用空心铝滑梯、覆盖滑梯和 O2/CO 2渗透膜构建的成像室。此设置的主要优点是限制 Z 中的移动,而不会对样品施加压力。因此,卵母细胞仍然可以自由移动,这就是为什么首先,使用40倍的目标,第二,z堆栈沿40μm获得,而卵母细胞是大约20μm.......

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我们非常感谢让-安托万·莱佩桑特和尼古拉斯·蒂索,他们最初开发了协议,并与我们分享了图3的一些图形元素。我们感谢范妮·罗兰-戈塞林,他拍摄了图4的照片。我们还感谢其他实验室成员的有益讨论,这些讨论有助于改进这项技术,纳撒尼尔·亨尼曼的评论帮助改进了这份手稿。我们感谢法国生物成像(ANR-10-INBS-04)成员雅克·莫诺德研究所的ImagoSeine核心设施。Maélys Loh 得到了法国研究部 (MESRI) 的博士奖学金的支持。安托万·吉切特和弗雷德·伯纳德得到了ARC(授予PJA20181208148)、癌症企业协会(2020年#221366授予Gefluc)和巴黎IdEx大学(ANR-18-IDEX-0001)的新兴赠款的支持。

....

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NameCompanyCatalog NumberComments
Anesthetize CO2 padDutscher789060Anesthetize flies
Coverslip (24x50 mm)Knittel GlassVD12450Y100AObservation-chamber preparation
Forceps Dumont #5Carl RothK342.1Dissection
Stainless steel needlesEntosphinx20Dissection
Heat-inactivated fetal calf serumSIGMA-ALDRICHF7524Imaging medium
Insulin solution bovine pancreasSIGMA-ALDRICH10516 - 5mlImaging medium
Penicilin/Streptomycin solutionSIGMA-ALDRICHP0781Imaging medium
Permeable membraneLeica11521746Observation-chamber preparation
Schneider MediumPan BiotechP04-91500Imaging medium
Silicon greaseBECKMAN COULTER335148Observation-chamber preparation
Spinning disk confocalZeissCSU-X1Nuclear migration observation
Voltalef oil 10SVWR24627 - 188Observation-chamber preparation

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