JoVE Logo
Faculty Resource Center

Sign In

Summary

Abstract

Introduction

Protocol

Representative Results

Discussion

Acknowledgements

Materials

References

Developmental Biology

果蝇蛹卵巢的解剖与染色

Published: March 2nd, 2018

DOI:

10.3791/56779

1Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, 2Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto

果蝇卵巢是研究干细胞小生境发育的优良模型系统。虽然已经公布了解剖幼虫和成人卵巢的方法, 蛹卵巢解剖需要不同的技术, 没有详细发表。在这里, 我们概述了解剖, 染色和安装蛹卵巢的协议。

与成年的果蝇卵巢不同, 蛹卵巢由于其体积小、半透明和在蛹的情况下被包裹而难以进入和检查。解剖蛹卵巢的挑战还在于它们在蛹中的物理位置: 卵巢被蛹腹部内的脂肪体细胞所包围, 必须除去这些脂肪细胞, 以允许适当的抗体染色。为了克服这些挑战, 本协议利用自定义的巴斯德滴管从蛹腹部提取脂肪体细胞。此外, 在染色过程中使用腔内 coverglass 代替离心管, 以提高蛹的可见度。然而, 尽管本议定书使用的工具有这些和其他优点, 但由于蛹卵巢体积小, 成功地执行这些技术可能还需要几天的实践。本议定书所概述的技术可应用于蛹发育不同阶段的卵巢分析的时间过程实验。

干细胞研究使用果蝇卵巢已广泛扩展自第一个文件的干细胞利基1,2,3,4。随着沿袭追踪遗传工具的发展,果蝇卵巢解剖通常被用来研究干细胞的谱系和信号通路, 调节干细胞的维持、增殖和命运。有关这些信号通路的知识可能会对源于异常干细胞活动的癌症的潜在病因产生洞察力5,6,7。最近还显示, 在果蝇卵巢中, 称为卵泡干细胞 (开办) 的体细胞干细胞在其组织的许多方面都与哺乳动物的肠道干细胞有很大的相似性, 这些细胞有8。因此,果蝇卵巢是研究干细胞行为的一个非常有用的模型系统。

幼虫和成人卵巢为早期干细胞的发育和生态位的最终干细胞组织提供了线索, 蛹卵巢是生殖和体细胞重组和建立其身份的中间结构。9,10. 虽然有几项研....

Log in or to access full content. Learn more about your institution’s access to JoVE content here

1. EggLaying

  1. 结合大约十个男性和十五个女性成年果蝇的期望基因型的苍蝇在一瓶正常丰富的苍蝇食品补充酵母。为了避免瓶子过度拥挤, 允许交配雌性产卵不长于 2–4 h14
  2. 把这些成年人从瓶子里移到一个新瓶子里, 然后用小瓶子打开, 用苍蝇食物来对付不同的瓶子。允许卵在室温下发育成幼虫, 3–4天。

2. 选择雌幼虫

  1. 使用柔软.......

Log in or to access full content. Learn more about your institution’s access to JoVE content here

成功执行此过程应导致清晰的抗体染色, 揭示了一个果蝇蛹卵巢的结构和细胞组织。免疫组织化学在本议定书中概述可用于识别常见的细胞类型在幼虫和成人卵巢染色。从群单元派生的蛹茎细胞18 (由白色 Fasciclin III 所概述) 显示在图 3中。除了突出蛹卵巢的细胞组织外, 特定于细胞增殖的抗体染色 (如以绿色显示的

Log in or to access full content. Learn more about your institution’s access to JoVE content here

本议定书最关键和最困难的步骤是在固定前准备蛹卵巢。为了确保卵巢, 小和埋在蛹腹部的脂肪体细胞, 有足够的抗体, 这是重要的, 不仅撕裂一个大的开放, 在腹腔麻袋与钳, 但也提取脂肪体细胞, 阻碍卵巢的抗体。成功执行此步骤需要在巴斯德吸管灯泡上应用微妙的压力, 同时将脂肪体细胞从腹袋中清洗出来 (例如, 在这一步中, 在每秒的时间内都应留出腹部)。如果不使用温和的力量, 可能会.......

Log in or to access full content. Learn more about your institution’s access to JoVE content here

这项研究得到了国家卫生研究院 (RO1 GM079351 到交流) 的支持。我们感谢 Godt 为她提供了有益的建议, 蛹卵巢解剖根据她的原始协议。我们还感谢艾米 Reilein 对手稿的帮助和评论。

....

Log in or to access full content. Learn more about your institution’s access to JoVE content here

NameCompanyCatalog NumberComments
Dumont #5 Forceps, biologyFine Scientific Tools11252-20
Nunc Lab-Tek Chambered CoverglassThermo Fisher Scientific155383
Dissection microscopeNikonSMZ-10A
Confocal MicroscopeCarl ZeissLSM 700
Analysis softwareCarl ZeissZen
9 Depression Glass Spot PlatesPyrex7220-85
Pasteur pipetFisher Scientific13-678-6B
Pasteur pipet bulbVarious vendors
Bunsen burnerVarious vendors
Fisherfinest Premium Frosted Microscope SlidesThermo Fisher Scientific12-544-2
22 x 22 mm glass coverslips No 1VWR48366-067
Dapi Fluoromount-GSouthernBiotech0100-20
Double-sided tapeScotch
NutatorClay Adams
Fine brush #0, #3-#5Various vendors
Gilson Pipetman Starter KitThomas ScientificF167300Contains p20, p200, p1000 pipettors
16% ParaformaldehydeElectron Microscopy Sciences15710Dilute to 4% paraformaldehyde in 1x PBS
TritonSigma-Aldrich9002-93-1
10x PBSAmbionAM9624Dilute to 1x PBS
Normal Goat SerumJackson ImmunoResearch5000121Dilute to 10% normal goat serum in PBST with 0.5% Triton concentration
Primary antibodies (in protocol: 7G10 anti-Fasciclin III diluted 1:250, rabbit anti-phosphohistone H3 diluted 1:1000)Various vendors (in protocol: Developmental Studies Hybridoma Bank, Millipore)Dilute in PBST with 0.5% Triton concentration
Secondary antibodies (in protocol: Alexa-546, FITC-conjugated anti-rabbit serum)Various vendors (in protocol: Molecular Probes, Jackson ImmunoResearch Laboratories, Inc.)Dilute in PBST with 0.5% Triton concentration
Fly vialsDenville ScientificV9406
Cotton Balls, For Wide VialsGenesee Scientific51-102W
Yeast, Bakers Dried ActiveMP Biomedicals101400
Fly foodProduced in laboratoryMixture of water, brewer's yeast, cornmeal, molasses, agar, EtOH, penicillin, methyl 4-hydrobenzoate, and propionic acid
Male and female Drosophila flies (genotype used in protocol: yw; P[Fz3-RFP, w+]/TM2)Bloomington Drosophila Stock Center

  1. Losick, V., Morris, L., Fox, D., Spradling, A. Drosophila Stem Cell Niches: A Decade of Discovery Suggests a United View of Stem Cell Regulation. Dev Cell. 21 (1), 159-171 (2011).
  2. Kirilly, D., Xie, T. The Drosophila ovary: an active stem cell community. Cell Res. 17 (1), 15-25 (2007).
  3. Dansereau, D. A., Lasko, P. The Development of Germline Stem Cells in Drosophila. Method Mol Biol. 450, 3-26 (2008).
  4. Pearson, J., López-Onieva, L., Rojas-Ríos, P., Gonzáles-Reyes, A. Recent advances in Drosophila stem cell biology. Int J Dev Biol. 53, 1329-1339 (2009).
  5. Arwert, E. N., Hoste, E., Watt, F. M. Epithelial stem cells, wound healing and cancer. Nat Rev Cancer. 12 (3), 170-180 (2012).
  6. Barker, N., et al. Crypt stem cells as the cells-of-origin of intestinal cancer. Nature. 457 (7229), 608-611 (2009).
  7. Daley, G. Q. Chronic myeloid leukemia: proving ground for cancer stem cells. Cell. 119 (3), 314-316 (2004).
  8. Reilein, A., et al. Alternative direct stem cell derivatives defined by stem cell location and graded Wnt signaling. Nat Cell Biol. 19 (5), 433-444 (2017).
  9. Eliazer, S., Buszczack, M. Finding a niche: studies from the Drosophila ovary. Stem Cell Res Ther. 2 (6), 45 (2011).
  10. Godt, D., Laski, F. A. Mechanisms of cell rearrangement and cell recruitment in Drosophila ovary morphogenesis and the requirement of bric à brac. Development. 121 (1), 173-187 (1995).
  11. King, R. C., Aggarwal, S. K., Aggarwal, U. The development of the female Drosophila reproductive system. J Morphol. 124 (2), 143-166 (1968).
  12. Vlachos, S., Jangam, S., Conder, R., Chou, M., Nystul, T., Harden, N. A Pak-regulated cell intercalation event leading to a novel radial cell polarity is involved in positioning of the follicle stem cell niche in the Drosophila ovary. Development. 142 (1), 82-91 (2015).
  13. Irizarry, J., Stathopoulos, A. FGF signaling supports Drosophila fertility by regulating development of ovarian muscle tissues. Dev Biol. 404 (1), 1-13 (2015).
  14. Maimon, I., Gilboa, L. Dissection and Staining of Drosophila Larval Ovaries. J Vis Exp. (51), e2537 (2011).
  15. Kerkis, J. The Growth of the Gonads in DROSOPHILA MELANOGASTER. Genetics. 16 (3), 212-224 (1931).
  16. Yamanaka, N., et al. Neuroendocrine Control of Drosophila Larval Light Preference. Science. 341 (6150), 1113-1116 (2013).
  17. Bainbridge, S., Bownes, M. Staging the metamorphosis of Drosophila melanogaster. Development. 66, 57-80 (1981).
  18. Courdec, J., et al. The bric à brac locus consists of two paralagous genes encoding BTB/POZ domain proteins and acts as a homeotic and morphogenetic regulator of imaginal development in Drosophila. Development. 129, 2419-2433 (2002).
  19. Arrese, E. L., Soulages, J. L. INSECT FAT BODY: ENERGY, METABOLISM, AND REGULATION. Annu Rev Entomol. 55, 207-225 (2011).
  20. Zhang, Y., Xi, Y. Fat Body Development and its Function in Energy Storage and Nutrient Sensing in Drosophila melanogaster. J Tissue Sci Eng. 6 (1), (2014).
  21. Wong, L. C., Schedl, P. Dissection of Drosophila Ovaries. J Vis Exp. (1), e52 (2006).

This article has been published

Video Coming Soon

JoVE Logo

Privacy

Terms of Use

Policies

Research

Education

ABOUT JoVE

Copyright © 2024 MyJoVE Corporation. All rights reserved